Bend sequencing and tool selection have long been the main hurdles for achieving automatic process planning for sheet metal bending. In this unique process, the complex shape and position transitions of workpieces make it hard to obtain a collision-free operation plan. The time-consuming involvement of human experts is often required to solve more complex problems. This paper presents a tool se...

This paper summarizes our theoretical understanding of supernova events in a “back of the envelope” way. It is intended to aid in the recognition and understanding of those events which are not “standard”, and which may provide the most insight.

Stud arc welding has become one of the most important unit operations in the mechanical industries. The need to reduce the time from product discovery to market introduction is inevitable. Reducing of standard deviation of tensile strength with desirable tensile strength joint as a performance character was use to illustrate the design procedure. The effects of (welding time, welding current, s...

In the deep drawing process, scatter of friction coefficient between blank and tool interfaces as well material properties positions in coil or different coils significantly influences part quality. These uncontrollable fluctuations increase risk waste. To avoid this problem, currently, new era Industry 4.0 aims at developing control algorithms able to in-line adjust process parameters always m...

Lesbian mothers share mainstream existence with other mothers by virtue of their motherhood, but remain marginalised by their non-heterosexual identity. This paper will draw on the qualitative findings of a recent Australian study that examined the experiences of lesbian mothers. Using a story-sharing method, data were collected using three methods; a demographic data sheet, in-depth semi-struc...

In this paper, the drawing process of multi-layer sheet metal through wedge shaped die has been analyzed using stream function and upper bound method. Typically a sandwich sheet contains three layers of metal, where the outer layers are of the same thickness and material and different from those of the inner layer. In this study, a new deformation model has been introduced in which inlet and ou...

In sheet metal forming processes with complex strain paths, a part is subjected to large plastic deformation. This severe plastic deformation leads to high plastic strain localization zones and subsequent accumulation of those strains. Then internal and superficial micro-defects and in other words ductile damage is created. This damage causes quality problems such as fracture. Therefore, design...