PURPOSE Image non-uniformity may cause substantial problems in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging especially when a 3-T scanner is used. We evaluated the effect of image non-uniformity correction in gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging using a 3-T scanner. METHODS Two commercially available methods for image non-uniformity correction, surf...

A (complex) Enriques surface is a projective smooth connected algebraic surface Y over C with H(Y,OY ) = H (Y,OY ) = (0), (Ω 2 Y ) ⊗ 2 ≃ OY but Ω 2 Y 6≃ OY ([CF]). In this note we give a short proof of the fact that the coarse moduli space of complex Enriques surfaces is quasi-affine. This was first shown by Borcherds [B] using the denominator function of a generalized Kac-Moody superalgebra (t...

For a quasidifferentiable function f defined on R 2 , it is proved, in the sense of Demyanov and Rubinov, that the following assertion [∂f (x),∂f (x)]∈Df (x) (∂f (x) + ∂f (x)), [∂f (x),∂f (x)]∈Df (x) (∂f (x) − ∂f (x)) ∈ Df (x) in this paper, where Df (x) denotes the set of all quasidifferentials of f at x. It is shown that this way can be viewed as an approach to determining or choosing a repre...

CD-PEB temperature experiments show that post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature non-uniformity (both in steady-state and transient phases) impacts across-wafer CD uniformity [1]. Continued improvement in CD uniformity requires across-wafer temperature uniformity for the entire PEB cycle. This poses new challenges for the design of PEB thermal modules. This paper proposes a novel PEB thermal modul...

BACKGROUND Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic agent for treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and is orally administrated as a triturate with lactose hydrate. Because of the low safety margin of atropine sulfate, triturate uniformity is a key safety factor. In this study, we assessed the uniformity of atropine sulfate in 1000-fold triturates prepared by wet mixing and dry mixing method...

The uniformity requirements of direct-drive targets are <tringent. The requirements on both sphericity and wall thickness uniformity are of the order of less than 1%. In the past, dualbeam interference microscopy has been used at LLE to characterize the wall thickness and uniformity of transparent targets.' With this technique, an interference pattern is formed between one beam that passes thro...

Imposing an extensional uniformity condition on a non-uniform circuit complexity class C means simply intersecting C with a uniform class L. By contrast, the usual intensional uniformity conditions require that a resource-bounded machine be able to exhibit the circuits in the circuit family defining C. We say that (C,L) has the Uniformity Duality Property if the extensionally uniform class C∩L ...

We developed a quantitative evaluation method for luminance and color uniformity on a display screen. In this paper, we report the analysis result of a viewer perception of luminance and color uniformity. In experiments, observers subjectively evaluated Mura images which were showed on the light emitting diode (LED) backlight screen by adjusting the luminance of each LED. We measured the lumina...

To investigate the uniformity of copper particles in formulation design of copper-coated graphite, a quadrat-based method was presented with the image processing. Firstly, the particles were located by the foreground and background clustering algorithm. Then, an improved uniformity quantification model was established using the size and position of the particles. The findings based on the exper...