The solid Earth deforms elastically in response to variations of surface atmosphere, hydrology, and ice/glacier mass loads. Continuous geodetic observations by Global Positioning System (CGPS) stations and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) record such deformations to estimate seasonal and secular mass changes. In this paper, we present the seasonal variation of the surface mass ch...

Three-step extraction of lignin fractions from ball-milled sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was studied with 96% dioxane, 50% dioxane, and 80% dioxane containing 1% NaOH at boiling temperature followed by purification to remove hemicelluloses. The total yields of hemicelluloses and lignin were 15.8% and 7.2% based on dried SCB, respectively. In the first step, 5.1% lignin (70.8% of the total extracted l...

Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) break the alpha-1,4 linkage of starch, re-attaching the chain to a glucan chain by an alpha-1,6 bond, altering starch structure. SBEs also facilitate starch accumulation by increasing the number of non-reducing ends on the growing chain. In maize (Zea mays), three isoforms of SBE have been identified. To examine the function of the SBEIIa isoform, a reverse geneti...

BACKGROUND Starch is biosynthesised by a complex of enzymes including various starch synthases and starch branching and debranching enzymes, amongst others. The role of all these enzymes has been investigated using gene silencing or genetic knockouts, but there are few examples of overexpression due to the problems of either cloning large genomic fragments or the toxicity of functional cDNAs to...

We have fabricated a Cooper-pair transistor (CPT) with parameters such that for appropriate voltage biases, it behaves essentially like a single Cooper-pair box (SCB). The effective capacitance of a SCB can be defined as the derivative of the induced charge with respect to gate voltage and has two parts, the geometric capacitance, C(geom), and the quantum capacitance C(Q). The latter is due to ...

The parabolic approximation for self-consistent molecular potential is widely used theoretical analysis of conformational and thermodynamic properties polymer brushes formed by linear or branched macromolecules. architecture-dependent parameter the (topological coefficient) can be calculated arbitrary architecture from condition elastic stress balance in all branching points. However, calculati...

This work investigated the chain structure and large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) rheological properties of waxy maize starch (WMS) at different growth periods established a motion model to clarify evolution structure. During period 20–25 days, apparent viscosity dynamic moduli for WMS paste decreased, along with greater degree nonlinearity. could be correlated an increasing branching due...

Abstract. Following a continuous increase in the surface ozone (O3) level from 2013 to 2019, overall summertime O3 concentrations across China showed significant reduction 2020. In contrast this China, unexpected enhancements of 10.2 ± 0.8 ppbv (23.4 %) were observed May–June 2020 (relative 2019) over Sichuan Basin (SCB), China. study, we use high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem simulation, eX...