Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimps or prawns for human consumption and is now considered as a major economic and food production sector as it is an increasingly important source of protein available for human consumption. Intensification of shrimp farming had led to the development of a number of diseases, which resulted in the excessive use of antim...

The effects of single and combined use of two different probiotic bacterial species, Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated. Shrimp were treated with probiotics in entire crop duration with different test diets. Twelve culture ponds were divided into four groups of each three, Control (CP) without probi...

Growing evidence points out that the capacity of organisms to acclimate or adapt to new habitat conditions basically depends on their phenomic plasticity attributes, of which their gut commensal microbiota might be an essential impact factor. Especially in aquatic organisms, which are in direct and continual contact with the aquatic environment, the complex and dynamic microbiota have significa...

In euryhaline crustaceans, sensitivity to toxic trace metals may be linked to osmoregulation and salinity conditions. This study investigated if grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) populations from different salinity regimes differed in sensitivity to cadmium (Cd). Grass shrimp were collected in May 2011 from two marsh sites with average salinities of ~3.0 ppt and 24.0 ppt. Groups were acclimated...

Several shrimp species from the clade Penaeidae are farmed industrially for human consumption, and this farming has turned shrimp into the largest seafood commodity in the world. The species that are in demand for farming are an anomaly within their clade because they grow to much larger sizes than other members of Penaeidae. Here we trace the evolutionary history of the anomalous farmed shrimp...

In the mitochondrial F(O)F(1) ATP-synthase/ATPase complex, subunits α and β are part of the extrinsic portion that catalyses ATP synthesis. Since there are no reports about genes and proteins from these subunits in crustaceans, we analyzed the cDNA sequences of both subunits in the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and their phylogenetic relationships. We also investigated the effect of hypo...

The significance of the tidal zone as nursery area for the brown shrimp Crangon crangon became evident during a study on density and size-distribution of predator populations on a 50 km2 tidal flat in the western Wadden Sea (The Netherlands). A clear picture of the nursery system and its function in the annual cycle of brown shrimp is obtained when nursery population-data are combined with expe...

We have reviewed the available peer reviewed literature on pathogen load for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in species susceptible to infection. Data on pathogen load in traded commodities are relevant for undertaking import risk assessments for a specific pathogen. Data were available for several of the major penaeid shrimp species farmed for aquaculture and for one crab and crayfish species...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens in Asian countries. V. parahaemolyticus contamination of retail shrimp in China has been reported previously, and such contaminated shrimp have been linked to outbreaks of foodborne diseases. However, to date, the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in retail shrimp in China has not been determined. This study aimed at identify...

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term pyrene exposure on molting and reproduction in the model estuarine invertebrate, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to measured concentrations of 5.1, 15.0, and 63. 4 ppb (microg/L) pyrene for 6 weeks, during which time we determined molting and survivorship. At the end of the exposure, we immed...