We report a method to controllably alter the diameter of an individual carbon nanotube. The combination of defect formation via electron irradiation and simultaneous resistive heating and electromigration in vacuum causes the nanotube to continuously transform into a high-quality nanotube of successively smaller diameter, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The process can be halte...

In (Chen, 2009), we show that for a variety of language models belonging to the exponential family, the test set cross-entropy of a model can be accurately predicted from its training set cross-entropy and its parameter values. In this work, we show how this relationship can be used to motivate two heuristics for “shrinking” the size of a language model to improve its performance. We use the fi...

Developers create paths for users to tread. Some users will stay on the beaten track; others will diverge and take risky shortcuts. If user-preferred and developer-created paths diverge too much, it is time for the developer to consider a new path. A case in point is the humble password. They fill an important developer need: a cheap and easy mechanism to control access and enforce accountabili...

3D Sensing with MEMS Accurately sensing location in 3D currently requires large, expensive devices. Researchers in MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics have devised an approach to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication that lets engineers design 3D configurations for existing fabrication processes. They used the approach successfully to build a MEMS device that enables 3D...

Gonorrhea is a relatively common infection among men who have sex with men, but it is becoming more common in heterosexual people. It is caused by the bactera Neisseria gonorrhoeae . This infection is transmitted via unprotected anal, oral and vaginal sex and can quickly be treated with antibiotics, but, if left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious problems. Such problems can occur because ...

City shrinkage is one of the thorny problems that many European cities have to face with nowadays. It is mainly expressed as the decrease of population in these cities. Eastern Germany is one of the pioneers of European shrinking cities with long shrinking history. The paper selects one representative shrinking city Halle (Saale) in eastern Germany as research objective, collecting and investig...

The PBH clusters can be sources of gravitational waves, and the merger rate depends on spatial distribution PBHs in cluster which changes over time. It is well known that collisional systems experience core collapse leads to significant increase central density shrinking core. After collapse, expands almost self-similarly (i.e., profile extends size without changing its shape). These dynamic pr...

Shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis is a disease in which a compression atelectasis of the lung is caused by shrinking of the inflamed visceral pleura. This reaction has been attributed to asbestos. By means of scanning electron microscopy, with computerised x ray spectrophotometry and x ray diffraction analysis, tissue samples from the lymph nodes of patients with the disease and control subj...