C, 'orticosteroids are of enormous value in the suppression of the ocular inflammatory reaction to various injurious agents. The administration of corticosteroids alters the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as affecting almost all other endocrine secretions, salt and water balance, and a large number of enzymatic reactions. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that c...

Certain recent experiments are often taken to show that people are far more likely to classify a foreseen side-effect of an action as intentional when that side-effect has some negative normative valence. While there is some disagreement over the details, there is broad consensus among experimental philosophers that this is the finding. We challenge this consensus by presenting an alternative i...

OBJECTIVE To describe the main undesirable side effects of glucocorticoid therapy, mechanisms of action and the necessary measures to minimize side effects. SOURCES Author's experience, supplemented with papers published in MEDLINE. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The principles for minimizing undesirable side effects of glucocorticoid therapy include: a) only use glucocorticoids if they are essent...

Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells may be adversely affected by drugs. Although the risk from most drugs is very small, many cases are reported because of the millions of doses of drugs taken each year by the population. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and macrocytic anemia are the commonest effects, in that order. Aplastic anemia is rare, but very serious ...

The eye may manifest side-effects from a wide variety of drugs used in the treatment of diseases of all systems of the body. Some of these side-effects, though undesirable, have to be accepted as unavoidable. The discovery of serious ocular defects arising in association with the long-term use in high dosage of such drugs as the antimalarials, the phenothiazines, and the steroid hormones has in...

A 43-year-old male patient was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and hydroxyurea treatment was begun 3 months before consultation. Physical examination revealed the spleen 2 cm below the costal margin. The Philadelphia chromosome was positive. After hydroxyurea treatment, imatinib (Gleevec) was started. On the 15th day of imatinib treatment, the patient was admitted because of ...

Although effective in maintaining relatively normal levels of blood pressure in hypertensive patients and retarding some of the serious and fatal secondary consequences of the disease, hexamethonium ion and 1-hydrazinophthalazine can cause severe immediate and late reactions. The latter drug has produced collagen diseases of varying degrees of severity, all of which have regressed on cessation ...

Mild hypothermia is increasingly touted as a low risk clinical measure in brain protection. This article reviews potential adverse effects of mild hypothermia by organ system and suggests a risk assessment framework for clinical decision making.

In this thesis I will give a formal definition of side effects. I will do so by modifying a system for modelling program instructions and program states, Quantified Dynamic Logic, to a system called DLAf (for Dynamic Logic with Assignments as Formulas), which in contrast to QDL allows assignments in formulas and makes use of short-circuit evaluation. I will show the underlying logic in those fo...

Amiodarone hydrochloride is increasingly being used in the treatment of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Although a highly effective anti-arrhythmic agent, its use is restricted by the high incidence of side effects. To elucidate the value of monitoring serum level of both the parent drug and its active metabolite in predicting the occurrence of side effects, the investigators exam...