In recent years, metabolism researches using nanomaterials have been focusing on human and animal cells, and therefore very limited data are available about influence of nanomaterials on biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. Plants produce different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, and alkaloids, which are known to act as vital mediators f...

Plants synthesize small molecule terpenoids from a universal C5 precursor isopentenyl diphosphate, manufacturing diverse compounds used for defense, signaling, energy production, and other functions. Industrially, naturally occuring are as natural aromas flavoring, pharmaceuticals, insecticide. Despite terpenoid ubiquity in plant systems, it remains unknown how plants control localization trans...

Abstract Extracellular signaling molecules, among them the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), enable cells to communicate with neighboring cells. Such molecules that receive and transmit a signal require specific tyrosine kinase receptors located at cell surface (fibroblast factor receptors, FGFRs). The binding of molecule its receptor results in dimerization conformational changes cytoplasmic p...

Background: Hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease encoded by HPN gene, is commonly overexpressed in prostate and breast cancer. Hepsin protein stabilized Ras-MAPK pathway signaling, downstream, this regulates the degradation of extracellular matrix components activates growth factor pathways, including hepatocyte transforming (TGF) beta pathway. The significance hepsin-dependent signa...