Naturally occurring ginsenoside F1 (20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) is rare. Here, we produced gram-scale quantities of ginsenoside F1 from a crude protopanaxatriol saponin mixture comprised mainly of Re and Rg1 through enzyme-mediated biotransformation using recombinant β-glucosidase (BgpA) cloned from a soil bacterium, Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 3082T. In a systematic...

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at 10℃, 20℃...

Phenol was analyzed by both gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to compare the techniques and to find out if GCFID is a suitable tool for the analysis of phenol extracted from environmentally important phenol in water. After the treatment of water with CuSO4 and H3PO4, phenol in the water was extracted with dichloromethane. The...

A polar fraction obtained from banana fruit pulp by high-vacuum distillation / solvent extraction (pentane-dichloromethane, 2 + 1) and subsequent liquid chromatography on silica gel was derivatized with isopropylisocyanate. Separation of enantiomers of heptan-2-ol and Z-4-hepten-2-ol was performed via their carbamates by means of multidimensional gas chromatography using an achiral (D B -5, col...

When oocysts of the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum contaminate drinking water supplies, they can cause outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis, a common waterborne disease. Of the different pathways by which oocysts can wind up in drinking water, one has received little attention to date; that is, because soils are often considered to be perfect filters, the transport of oocysts through the subsoil to...

have low base saturation and pH values with high A pot experiment was carried out to study the concentrations d soluble aluminium and ]OW conceneffect of carbonate and various silica-contrations of silica. A pot experiment was therefore taining materials on cane growth and to compare designed to test the effect of silica on soils from this the relative efficiencies of calcium carbonate and area...

The adverse effects of hostile marine environment on concrete structure have inevitably resulted in huge economic loss and may contribute to catastrophic failure. Concrete is susceptible weathering, particularly under wetting-drying action (WDA), although its current state the art well established. diverse characteristics WDA at different site locations compromised reliability laboratory works....