Today, human-level machine intelligence is in the domain of futurism, but there is every reason to expect that it will be developed eventually. Once artificial agents become able to improve themselves further, they may far surpass human intelligence, making it vitally important to ensure that the result of an “intelligence explosion” is aligned with human interests. In this paper, we discuss on...

Ever since the publication of “The Imperialism Free Trade” by John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson in 1953, “informal empire” has been a key term for historians. It has, however, always contentious. The central issue was whether imperial historians were prepared to accept new concept empire. This article explains paradox informal empire creating stronger provenance term. Since early nineteenth ce...

Brucellosis is one of the severe public health problems; the cumulative number of new human brucellosis cases reached 211515 from 2010 to 2014 in China. Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture is situated in the southeast of Xinjiang, where brucellosis infection occurs every year. Based on the reported data of newly acute human brucellosis cases for each season in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous P...

In the proof assistant Coq, one can model certain classes of graphs by coinductive types. The coinductive aspects account for infinite navigability already in finite but cyclic graphs, as in rational trees. Coq’s static checks exclude simple-minded definitions with lists of successors of a node. In previous work, we have shown how to mimic lists by a type of functions and built a Coq theory for...

Assuming some large cardinals, a model of ZFC is obtained in which אω+1 carries no Aronszajn trees. It is also shown that if λ is a singular limit of strongly compact cardinals, then λ carries no Aronszajn trees.