Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) derived from wastewater effluent can participate in reactions that lead to formation of nitrogenous chlorination by-products, membrane fouling, eutrophication, and nitrification issues, so management of DON is important for both wastewater reuse applications and nutrient-sensitive watersheds that receive discharges from treated wastewater. This study documents D...

BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins present in cereal crops worldwide. Due to its toxic properties, high stability and prevalence, the presence of DON in the food chain represents a health risk for both humans and animals. The gastrointestinal microbiota represents potentially the first target for these food contamin...

Access to bioavailable nitrogen often limits primary production in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Around 70% of nitrogen transported by rivers worldwide consists of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), but its bioavailability has been poorly investigated. To assess the potential bacterial growth on DON, we developed a bioassay employing natural DON and bacterial inocula in medium manipulated to...

We analyzed groundwater-transported nitrogen (N) exports from 41 watershed segments that comprised 10 Cape Cod, Massachusetts watersheds to test the hypotheses that chemical form of N exports is related to land use and to length of flow paths through watersheds. In the absence of human habitation, these glacial outwash–plain watersheds exported largely dissolved organic N (DON) but at relativel...

The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of the concurrent administration of thyroxine (T4) and an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, donepezil (DON), on the hypothyroidism‑induced ultrastructural changes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in adult rats. The acetylcholine (ACh) content and AChE activity was assessed, as well as the expressions of synaptotagmin‑1 (syt‑1) and SNAP‑...

Nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are structurally related mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi. These fungi typically infest cereal crops such as wheat, maize, barley, oats and rye, and NIV and DON are regularly found in cereal grains, food and feed. Recent risk assessments identified possible data gaps for both DON and NIV in particular with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity...

This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 microg/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, ...

Extra-large pore zeolites are a small subset (21) among the whole list of 253 available. The discovery new low-glycemic sugars is very attractive as healthy additives in food field. This case 6-kestose. In present case, it appears mixture aqueous solution together with sucrose, separation being necessary. For this, we have focused on using certain adequate sizes that allow this mixture, conside...

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Sterigmatocystin (ST), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro and thus to further elucidate the putative roles of these three mycotoxins on human immunosystem. METHODS The effects of ST, DON and AFG1 on apoptosis of HPBLs were studied with cell culture, flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analy...

Don Quixote is the main character of the famous novel written by Miguel de Cervantes originally entitled The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha. In this paper, we propose a serious game to relive the adventures of this character. The axis of our game will be the cervantist world. Following the novel structure we will consider the chapters independently and for each chapter we will rep...