Numerical methods of permeation fluid mechanics for black oil (water, oil and gas)--three compound combination flooding (polymer, surface active agent and alkali) in porous media is discussed in this paper. A mechanics model of three-phase flow (water, oil and gas)--three compound combination flooding (the polymer, surface active agent and alkali) is presented firstly, then a numerical algorith...

A chip-based automated patch-clamp technique provides an attractive biophysical tool to quantify solute permeation through membrane channels. Proteo-giant unilamellar vesicles (proteo-GUVs) were used to form a stable lipid bilayer across a micrometer-sized hole. Because of the small size and hence low capacitance of the bilayer, single-channel recordings were achieved with very low background n...

A theoretical and experimental study of the effects of variable fiber properties on countercurrent hollow fiber gas separation module performance is presented. Variations in ID, slow gas permeance, and selectivity are considered. Variability in any of these properties is detrimental to performance. The drop in performance increases as either property variation or product purity increase, but pe...

We report an analysis of pressure-driven bubble elimination for a gas-permeable microfluidic device. In this study, we described bubble elimination in a microfluidic device employing a gas permeation model and calculated the removal efficiency of bubbles. The correction factor for the simplified model was estimated with respect to the applied pressure. Based on the established model, the requir...

A gas permeable CHA-type aluminophosphate molecular sieve membrane was ionothermally synthesized on a porous d-alumina substrate through the so-called “substrate surface conversion” method. The synthetic conditions for this specific membrane were optimized. The temperature, time and the amounts of H3PO4 and HF in the initial synthesis solution were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scannin...

High free-volume copolymers were prepared via polycondensation with 2,3,5,6,-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) in which a portion of the 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane (TTSBI) of PIM-1 was replaced with dibutyl anthracene maleimide (4bIII). An investigation of free volume using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and gas permeation measurements was carried out for...

Insect repellent DEET and sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone play an essential role in minimizing vector-borne diseases and skin cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsion type, addition of thickening agent and droplet size in three emulsion-based lotions on percutaneous permeation of DEET and oxybenzone using in vitro diffusion experiments, in order to minimize ...