because of insufficient factors including facilities, budget, human resources as well as time watershed operation is not applicable throughout the basin. as a result, watershed operation should be performed in the sub-basins in which is more affectionate and the risk frequency of some events such as destruction, degradation; physical and financial damage and also flooding are considerably high....

The actual evapotranspiration and runoff trends of five major basins in China from 1956 to 2000 are investigated by combining the Budyko hypothesis and a stochastic soil moisture model. Based on the equations of Choudhury and Porporato, the actual evapotranspiration trends and the runoff trends are attributed to changes in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, rainfall depth and water st...

mpsiac is currently known as an appropriate method to measure sediment ofwatershed basins of the country while there has not been any sensitivity analysis so far forthis method. in this study, required data for mpsiac model were gathered from six basins;amame-kamarkhani, kand-golandok, tang kenesht (from two different references), nojian(from three different references), pegahe sorkh katvand (f...

basins leading to tabriz plain are part of the sub-basins of urmia lake basin, which is located in the east azerbaijan province and in the north-western part of iran. the area of this basin is 5397 km2, and agriculture is one of the main sources of income for the people, which is dependent on groundwater and surface water resources. in this study, an attempt was made to investigate the basins l...

In alpine areas in Northwest China, such as the Tianshan Mountains, lack of climate data (because scarce meteorological stations) makes it difficult to assess impact change on runoff. The main contribution this study was develop an integrated method runoff data-scarce high mountains. Based reanalysis products, firstly downscaled using machine learning algorithms, then developed a Batch Gradient...

Experimental analyses of river networks(1) have shown clear examples of behavior analogous to critical phenomena characterized by the absence of a single well-defined length scale reflected in a power-law behavior of various quantities. A fundamental question that arises from these observations is whether, in analogy with conventional critical phenomena, one may fruitfully classify this behavio...

River networks evolve as migrating drainage divides reshape river basins and change network topology by capture of river channels. We demonstrate that a characteristic metric of river network geometry gauges the horizontal motion of drainage divides. Assessing this metric throughout a landscape maps the dynamic states of entire river networks, revealing diverse conditions: Drainage divides in t...