Ancient and historical tuberculosis (TB) can be recognized by its typical paleopathology in human remains. Using paleomicrobiology, it is possible to detect many more individuals infected with TB but with no visible lesions. Due to advances in molecular analysis over the past two decades, it is clear that TB was widespread in humans from the Neolithic period and has remained so until the presen...

Although the respiratory tract is the major site for tuberculous lesions, all organs can be affected. The authors review the clinical files of 25 patients admitted to our Department with lung and/or pleural tuberculous disease, confirmed by bacteriology or histopathology, who simultaneously suffered from tuberculosis in other organs. We included 20 men and 5 women, aged from 10 to 74 years (mea...

With the discovery of streptomycin by Waksman in 1943, a new era in treatment of tuberculosis made its entrance. Glowing reports of its effectiveness in pulmonary and other types of the disease led us first to conclude that it would wipe out tuberculosis. But the effectiveness in bone and joint tuberculosis was minimal. True, it appeared to slow down the rate of destruction, but it did not reve...

valproic acid is one of the main antiepileptic drugs. there is an increased risk of neural tube defects and axial skeletal malformations among infants born to women who had received valproic acid. there is a hypothesis that one biochemical abnormality underlying the teratogenicity of valproic acid is a drug-induced reduction in maternal plasma zinc .in the present experimental study mated rats ...

skeletal deformities are a common problem in fish hatcheries and commercial farms that affect growth, development and survival as well as the market value of the final product. among the nutritional components, phosphorus (p) and calcium (ca) are of special interest as they are directly involved in the development and maintenance of the skeletal system. hence, the present study was carried out ...

background if skeletal system does not have a correct form in childhood, certainly person will face many problems in the later stages of life. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of skeletal disorders in primary school students in abadan, 2015. materials and methods  this cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 primary school students in abadan, iran, which were selected by cluster s...

introduction: skeletal staining is an important part of anatomical studies which can evaluate macroscopic disorders in bones and cartilages development. the aim of the present article is to illustrate two distinct protocols by all details in order to stain skeletal system of the lab animals in all ages of their lives so it becomes easy for future studies in this field. methods: in this paper, s...

tuberculosis is an infection which may influence many organs while ocular tuberculosis (tb) is amongst the rarest infectious diseases with no sign of systemic disease. a fifty-six-year- old female with complaint of gradual loss of visual acuity, weight loss, night sweats and purulent discharge from medial canthus and non-productive coughs. in general, tuberculosis in endemic areas, even the rar...