The scarcity of job opportunities in Indonesia has encouraged some its citizen to work abroad; these workers are commonly known as PMI (Pekerja Migran –Indonesian migrant workers). One the salient challenges encountered by occupied semi-skilled and unskilled employment, which shared highest percentage PMI, is limited English proficiency. This caused a range formidable impacts ranging from misun...

The Demand for Labor: An Analysis Using Matched EmployerEmployee Data from the German LIAB. Will the High Unskilled Worker Own-Wage Elasticity Please Stand Up? This paper uses matched employee-employer LIAB data to provide panel estimates of the structure of labor demand in Germany, 1993-2002, distinguishing between highly skilled, skilled, and unskilled labor and between the manufacturing and ...

This paper presents a specific factor model of a small open economy to show the factor price effect and welfare effect of offshoring. Different to ambiguous wage effect conclusions of offshoring under Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the conclusions of this paper is clear-cut. Offshoring will benefit specific factor (skilled labour and land), hurts some non-specific factor (unskilled labour), and enl...

OBJECTIVES Most data on HIV prevalence in low-risk populations in sub-Saharan Africa are drawn from sentinel surveys of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and are not representative of formal sector workforces. We surveyed workforces in southern Africa to determine HIV prevalence among formally employed, largely male populations. METHODS Voluntary, anonymous, unlinked seroprevalence s...

Within a small open economy fair wage model with unemployment of unskilled workers, we show that exogenous unskilled immigration increases the welfare of natives if the elasticity of the inverse labour demands exceeds a positive finite threshold. This threshold depends positively on the displacement ratio of native workers by immigrants and negatively on the share of immigrants in the unskilled...

The aim of this study was to assess hip-knee and knee-ankle coupling coordination of skilled and unskilled in football kicks. A modified vector coding technique was used to evaluate coupling coordination. Cross-correlation was used to assess the similarity between the groups. In the sagittal and transverse planes, hip-knee coordination presented similar patterns for both groups. However, the kn...

The Evolution of Inequality, Heterogeneity and Uncertainty in Labor Earnings in the U.S. Economy A large empirical literature documents a rise in wage inequality in the American economy. It is silent on whether the increase in inequality is due to greater heterogeneity in the components of earnings that are predictable by agents or whether it is due to greater uncertainty faced by agents. Apply...

We investigate how Germany’s mandated 50% labor representation on supervisory boards affects layoffs and wages during adverse industry shocks. We hypothesize that parity-codetermination helps the implementation of implicit contracts that insure employees against adverse shocks. We estimate difference-in-differences in employment and wages using panel data at the establishment level. The results...

Within a small open economy fair wage model with unemployment of unskilled workers, we show that exogenous unskilled immigration increases the welfare of natives if the elasticity of the inverse labour demands exceeds a positive finite threshold. This threshold depends positively on the displacement ratio of native workers by immigrants and negatively on the share of immigrants in the unskilled...