Imaging of the brain in its native state at high spatial resolution poses major challenges to visualization techniques. Two-photon microscopy integrated with thinned-skull or optical clearing skull technique provides a minimally invasive tool for vivo imaging cortex mice without activating immune response and inducing injury. However, contrast are severely compromised by heterogeneity skull, li...

in this study, we examined the role of early acetazolamide administration in reducing the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage in patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage. in a randomised clinical trial, 57 patients with a high risk of permanent csf leakage (rhinorrhea, otorrhea, pneumatocele or imaging-based evidence of severe skull-base fracture) were analysed. in the experimen...

background: total and partial gastrectomy is commonly used to treat gastric carcinoma or other benign or malignant conditions of the stomach. laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy is an alternative approach for treating mucosal gastric cancer. many investigators have assessed the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of this procedure.rnobjectives: the aim of present study is to compare the outc...

An anatomical study was undertaken in order to investigate whether the sizes of selected human skull foramina with significant venous compartments correlated significantly with skull capacity. A total of 100 macerated human skulls were examined to determine the diameter of the foramina and the skull capacity. Measurements of the surface area of the foramina were made using a computerised digita...

The fibroblast growth factor and receptor system (FGF/FGFR) mediates cell communication and pattern formation in many tissue types (e.g., osseous, nervous, vascular). In those craniosynostosis syndromes caused by FGFR1-3 mutations, alteration of signaling in the FGF/FGFR system leads to dysmorphology of the skull, brain and limbs, among other organs. Since this molecular pathway is widely expre...

Ontogeny of the skull is primarily determined by genetic factors and is modified during development by environmental factors. The shape of the skull and the direction of its development during intrauterine life are determined by the requirements of the growing brain. After birth, the most important role in modifying the shape of the skull is played by large forces from the stomatognathic system...

Partington, M. W., Gonzales-Crussi, F., Khakee, S. G., and Wollin, D. G. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 656. Cloverleaf skull and thanatophoric dwarfism: report of four cases, two in the same sibship. Four cases of the cloverleaf skull syndrome are reported, 3 from Britain and 1 from Canada in a family of German/Irish descent. All cases had generalized chondrodysplastic changes a...

Objective: To determine the correlation of skull fracture with extradural hematoma in head injury patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Patients and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from January 2002 to January 2007. All patients who were operated for extradural hematoma during the study period were included in the...

PURPOSE Electroencephalogram (EEG) source analysis is a noninvasive technique used in the presurgical of epilepsy. In this study, the dipole location and orientation errors due to skull conductivity perturbations were investigated in two groups of three-dimensional head models: A spherical head model and a realistic head model. METHODS In each group, the head model had a brain-to-skull conduc...

Shock tube experiments and simulations are conducted with a spherical gelatin filled skull-brain surrogate, in order to study the mechanisms leading to blast induced mild traumatic brain injury. A shock tube including sensor system is optimized to simulate realistic improvised explosive device blast profiles obtained from full scale field tests. The response of the skull-brain surrogate is moni...