he cost of sludge disposal can contribute significantly to the cost of product manufacturing. An opportunity exists to eliminate this cost of land disposal of sludge resulting from the zinc phosphate pretreatment process. In addition, the cost of the phosphating process may be reduced by reclaiming this sludge to a zinc-phosphate replenishment solution and other useful products. For those not f...

Most of the developing countries particularly Indonesia will be facing the dilemmatic problems of sludge pressure in next decades due to increasing the legal and illegal loggings as well as the land and water demands resulting from the population growth, improved standard of people living and urbanization as well as economic and industrial developments. Consequence, there will be facing also th...

The disposal of Waste Activated Sludge is a major problem. The paper presents several disposal routes. The ultimate steps in these routes are indirect drying and subsequent incineration. Although the design of the indirect dryers is straightforward from a required heat input, operating temperature difference between sludge bed and heating medium and the heat transfer coefficient, this coefficie...

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals, PCDD/F and PAHs in sewage sludge was investigated from six different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Beijing City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Zn in Wujiacun (WJC) sewage sludge, and Cd and Hg in sewage sludge generated from all of the six different places are hi...

conclusions there is no statistically significant relationship between preterm delivery and type of sludge. results the prevalence of preterm delivery was 14/3%. the frequencies of term delivery in mothers with dense, light and no sludge were 78/6%, 82/1% and 96/4 % respectively, and for preterm delivery they were 21/4%, 17/9% and 3/6% respectively. but there was no statistically significant re...

Ultrasound treatment is often applied to enhance the anaerobic digestion of sludge. Optimal conditions for organic matter solubilisation of primary, secondary and mixed sludge were assessed by implementing ultrasound disruption at different specific energies (from 3,500 to 21,000 kJ/kgTS). The variation in soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) was monitored follow...

BACKGROUND In this study, a hybrid treatment system (Fluidized Bed positioned in a biological reactor of an Activated Sludge process) was used to treat saline domestic wastewater. The performance of the mentioned hybrid system was compared with the conventional activated sludge. A pilot study was conducted, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (...

According to the IPCC guidelines, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the entire amount of CO2 emissions when calculating CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to the “carbon neutrality.” Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. And it is mixed with fossil fuels in terms of greenhouse gas reduction or is used as fuel to replace fossil fuels by itsel...

The effect of inoculum source on anaerobic thermophilic digestion of separately collected organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (SC_OFMSW) has been studied. Performance of laboratory scale reactors (V: 1.1 L) were evaluated using six different inoculums sources: (1) corn silage (CS); (2) restaurant waste digested mixed with rice hulls (RH_OFMSW); (3) cattle excrement (CATTLE); (4) swine ex...