In recent years, the power system has been evolved into micro grids, which are little pockets of self-contained entities. Different distributed, interconnected generation units, loads, and energy storage units make up a typical microgrid system. The increased efficiency these on grids is gaining popularity Day-by-Day. Because their stochastic behavior, renewable causes an imbalance in system, n...

Advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There is numerous applications for wireless sensor networks, and security is vital for many of them. However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical captur...

In thermodynamically characterizing a mixture comprising finite number of molecules, we consider two kinds protocol for producing from pure substance. The first is single alchemical operation, whereas the second series processes with feedback control in information thermodynamics and conventional mixing semipermeable membranes. A comparison numerically determined free-energy changes provides co...