background and aims. the aim of the present study was to compare 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) in mtad (mixture of tetracycline isomer, acid, and detergent) for the removal of the smear layer and induction of canal erosion. materials and methods. 38 maxillary incisors were divided in three experimental groups of 10 and two positive and negative control groups of each 4 teeth, and prepared us...

Background: Bleeding during or immediately after the intercourse can be seen in women with benign cervical changes such as polyps, ectropion or infection of the cervix. But, sometimes, important diseases such as cancer of the cervix can be associated with post coital bleeding (PCB). The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of microscopic pre-cancerous lesions of the cer...

Background: Smear is insensitive and culture is slow, but both methods are essential in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. The nucleic acid amplification (NAA) assay is sensitive and rapid, but its role as an additive test in the diagnosis of TB has remained undefined. Aims: The objective was to estimate the specimenand patient-based performance of the NAA assay in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculo...

BACKGROUND The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) of India recommends follow-up sputum smear examination at two months into the continuation phase of treatment. The main intent of this (mid-CP) follow-up is to detect patients not responding to treatment around two-three months earlier than at the end of the treatment. However, the utility of mid-CP follow-up under programmati...

BACKGROUND Nigeria ranks fourth among the 22 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. The estimated incidence of all TB cases in 2009 was 311/100,000 population. Since the implementation of DOTS in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria, the epidemiology of TB in the region has not been documented. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the type and case notification dynamics of TB follo...

BACKGROUND Genotype® MTBDRsl (MTBDRsl) is a rapid DNA-based test for detecting specific mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. MTBDRsl version 2.0 (released in 2015) identifies the mutations detected by version 1.0, as well as additional mutations. The test may be performed on a culture isolate or ...

BACKGROUND Trend analysis is an important tool to monitor epidemiological changes of disease over time to guide resource allocation. This study aimed to study incidence trends and change-points of smear positive, smear negative, extra-pulmonary and relapse of tuberculosis (TB) in Iran from 2001 to 2015. STUDY DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional study METHODS: Nonlinear segmented regression was us...