In karst systems, hydraulic conduits called solution pipes (or wormholes) are formed as a result of the dissolution of limestone rocks by the water surcharged with CO2. The solution pipes are the end result of a positive feedback between spatial variations in porosity in the rock matrix and the local dissolution rate. Here, we investigate numerically the effect of rock stratification on the sol...

abstract background: the pressure of consumption spots in eater supply systems is one of the most important hydraulic parameters can be used in optimized management of water distribution networks. since the pressure has some different effects on various parameters of the network management including its hydraulic functions, reliability, stability and leakage, its control is of great importance ...

PURPOSE Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for several cancers. The risk of cutaneous malignancies related to smoking, however, is relatively unknown. We investigated the possible association between smoking and skin cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was performed that included 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 301 with nodular basal cell carcinoma, 153 w...

Two forms of water service delivery in peri-urban settlements in the eThekwini municipal region are communal stand-pipes and household ground-tanks. Water from these sources requires storage prior to use. Previous studies have shown that water quality tends to deteriorate during storage. This study was conducted during the winter season and tested water from standpipe and ground-tank households...

Objectives: A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (P...

Cast iron (CI) pipes still make up a significant portion of many water distribution systems across the globe. A range of trenched and trenchless technologies are available to rehabilitate these pipes, but in the USA trenched replacement is still the standard approach used, despite ‘trenchless’ options having significant financial, social and environmental benefits. This paper focuses on the dev...