Lipids active in biological systems demonstrate a broad range of behavior in water, from hydrocarbons which are insoluble, to molecules such as bile salts that possess potent detergent properties and interact with water rather dynamically. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the physical properties of lipids with respect to their inter— action with aqueous systems, and to classify ...

Glycerol is a valuable byproduct in biodiesel production by transesterification, soap manufacturing by saponification as well as hydrolysis reaction. The purity of glycerol obtained is low due to the presence of impurities such as remaining catalyst, water, soaps, salts and esters formed during the reaction. Purification of glycerol as well as the conversion of glycerol into valuable products h...

Green nails, also known as chloronychia or green nail syndrome, are characterized by green discoloration of the nail plate (greenish-yellow, greenish-brown, greenish-black), proximal chronic non-tender paronychia, and distolateral onycholysis. The cause is Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the nail plate in persons whose hands are constantly exposed to water, soaps, and detergents or are subj...

Community-based surveys indicate that about a fifth of women have significant vulval symptoms lasting over three months at some time in their lives. Common causes of itch or pain are dermatitis, recurrent candidiasis and the recently recognised pain syndromes--vulvar vestibular syndrome and dysaesthetic vulvodynia. Diagnosis is usually apparent after a thorough history and examination, although...

Tin is a naturally occurring element. It is a silver-white, malleable, and somewhat ductile metal. The earth's crust contains about 2–3 ppm tin, comprising 0.0006% of the earth's crust. Major uses of tin include cans and containers, electrical, construction, and transportation. Industrially important tin compounds can be categorized as inorganic (those without a tin-carbon bond) and organic (th...

A modification of the semiautomated assay method of Antonis (1965. J. Lipid Res. 6:307-312) for free fatty acid is presented. Free fatty acids are extracted from serum or plasma into di-n-butyl ether-2-methoxyethanol; the extract is almost free from phospholipids. The acids are analyzed in a portion of extract by a copper soap method using diphenylcarbazide. The extractant, being less dense tha...

IR, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis were used to illustrate the structure of cerium and thorium laurate in solid state. IR results reveal that the fatty acid exists with dimeric structure through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and cerium and thorium laurate were ionic in nature. The X-Ray diffraction measurements confirm that these soaps posses double layer structure with long spacing. ...

1. Conditions under which gelatin may be salted out into two liquid layers at 35 degrees were studied. 2. The equilibria governing the amounts and composition of the layers salted out with sodium chloride are found to accord with the requirements of the phase rule for the quaternary system gelatin-sodium chloride-hydrogen ion-water. 3. So far, soaps and gelatin are found to be surprisingly simi...

1 Buerger, M. J., "The General Role of Composition in Polymorphism," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 22 685-689 (1936). 2 Thiessen, Peter A, and Stauff, Joachim, "Feinbau und Umwandlungen kristallisierter Alkalisalze langkettiger Fettsauren," Zeit. Physikal. Chem. (A), 176 397-429 (1936). 3Bretteville, A. de, Jr., "X-ray Diffraction Study of Oriented Soaps," Thesis, Stanford University (1942). 4 Brettev...