This paper presents new estimates of income inequality derived from Prussian tax statistics for the years 1822-1914. Confidence intervals are also calculated. The results show a rise in inequality in the nineteenth century, with a peak around 1906, thus supporting the view put forward by Simon Kuznets that industrialisation will initially lead to a rise in inequality. The paper goes on to consi...

BACKGROUND Welfare dependence and low work participation among young people have raised concern in many European countries. Reading and writing difficulties (RWD) might make young people vulnerable to work integration problems and welfare dependence through negative influences on education and health. Our main objective of this study was to examine if RWD in adolescence affected the risk of wel...

BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence (EI) is a measure of pure intelligence of cognitive ability that translates psychological knowledge into terms that are useable by people not professionally trained in psychology, like dentists. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered, structured questionnaire survey in English was distributed among 186 undergraduate students to assess thei...

We describe how to consistently incorporate solar model uncertainties, along with experimental errors and correlations, when analyzing solar neutrino data to derive confidence limits on parameter space for proposed solutions of the solar neutrino problem. Our work resolves ambiguities and inconsistencies in the previous literature. As an application of our methods we calculate the masses and mi...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Asthma education programs improve asthma treatment results significantly. Low participation rate is a recurrent problem that impedes the efficiency of those programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate social cognitive determinants of the intention to participate in an asthma self-management program. DESIGN Structured interview. SETTING Outpatient clinic, Universit...

A set of N data elements (xI +•.• + X~)/N and variance of the th The r moment of the data elements elements is used to estimate E(xr ). th r x1' •.•• xN has r moment E(x)= th r 2r 2 r r moment Var(x ) = E(x )-E (x ). in an arbitrary subset of k Over all the choices of the sample, the mean error is zero and the mean squared error N-k r k(N-I) Var(x). A little-known theorem by Marlow shows that t...

BACKGROUND Examining the association between social inequality and health is not new. However, there is little empirical evidence of this association in the Latin American literature, much less from the Mexican scholars. Its research, including the one conducted in Mexico, has mostly followed a theoretical approach and has not been able to provide strong empirical evidence of their important th...

results the data revealed that self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and social support (p < 0.001) are indicators than can significantly anticipate levels of adjustment in diabetic patients. moreover, it has been revealed that self-efficiency plays a significant and, indeed, fundamental role in adjustment anticipation. conclusions it can be concluded that self-efficacy and social support are important in ...

It is widely recognized that confidence can have important economic consequences. While most of the focus has been on overconfidence, systematic variation in confidence can imply systematic variation in economic outcomes. Intriguingly, sociological and social psychological research suggests that being on the wrong side of inequality undermines confidence. This paper examines the link between in...