Comprehensive calculations were performed to predict the phase behavior of large spherical colloids mixed with small that act as a depletant. To this end, free volume theory (FVT) Lekkerkerker et al. [Europhys. Lett. 20, 559 (1992)] is used basis and extended explicitly include hard-sphere character colloidal depletants into expression for fraction. Taking excluded account in both system reserv...

Heat-resistant two-dimensional (2D) sphere/hemisphere shell array is significant for the fabrication of novel nanostructures. Here large-area, well-ordered arrays of carbonized polystyrene (PS) hollow sphere/hemisphere with controlled size and morphology are prepared by combining the nanosphere self-assembly, kV Ag ion beam modification, and subsequent annealing or chloroform treatment. Potenti...

A p-type spectral-element method using prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs) as basis functions, termed as the prolate-element method, is developed for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on the sphere. The gridding on the sphere is based on a projection of the prolate-Gauss-Lobatto points by using the cube-sphere transform, which is free of singularity and leads to quasi-uniform ...

The interaction force gradient between a micron-size polystyrene sphere and an atomically flat highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate has been analyzed as a function of surface-to-surface separation distance z0 using an oscillating cantilever technique. The interaction force gradient was found to have two contributions. For z0>30 nm, an electrostatic force due to charges trapped on the po...

Vertebrate brains vary tremendously in size, but differences in form are more subtle. To bring out functional contrasts that are independent of absolute size, we have normalized brain component sizes to whole brain volume. The set of such volume fractions is the cerebrotype of a species. Using this approach in mammals we previously identified specific associations between cerebrotype and behavi...

The most common types of molecule geometries that have been considered in the past for artificial dielectric materials include simple dipoles and spheres. In this article we consider a fractal approach, combining aspects of both the dipole and sphere, resulting in an inclusion with a greater number of resonances as well as resonant behavior at lower frequencies than either their dipole or spher...

The social brain hypothesis, an explanation for the unusually large brains of primates, posits that the size of social group typical of a species is directly related to the volume of its neocortex. To test whether this hypothesis also applies at the within-species level, we applied the Cavalieri method of stereology in conjunction with point counting on magnetic resonance images to determine th...

We propose a model for the electrostatics of globular proteins in which the low dielectric region is replaced by concentric spheres of the appropriate size. The method uses analytical formulas for the dielectric sphere and allows an efficient and accurate treatment of bulk charges. For surface charges, we propose a numerical determination of the sphere radius based on the solvent exposure of th...

This paper will consider whether extending the notion of social citizenship to include legal citizenship offers the possibility of developing a gender-neutral and -inclusive conception of citizenship. The notion of legal citizenship encapsulates the view that all people are equal before the law and have a right to access to justice. Legal citizenship extends the idea of social citizenship, firs...