BACKGROUND Transmission of dengue viruses (DENV), the most common arboviral pathogens globally, is influenced by many climatic and socioeconomic factors. However, the relative contributions of these factors on a global scale are unclear. METHODS We randomly selected 94 islands stratified by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. With a Bayesian model, we assessed factors contributing t...

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Black/white disparities in stroke incidence are well documented, but few studies have assessed the contributions to the disparity. Here we assess the contribution of "traditional" risk factors. METHODS A total of 25 714 black and white men and women, aged≥45 years and stroke-free at baseline, were followed for an average of 4.4 years to detect stroke. Mediation analysis...

The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in Ribeirão Preto, a rich Brazilian city, was significantly higher (21.4%) than in São Luís (5.9%), a less developed city. To assess which variables explain the difference in prevalence of smoking during pregnancy, data from two birth cohorts were used, including 2846 puerperae from Ribeirão Preto, in 1994, and 2443 puerperae from São Luís, in 1997/98....

To address the complex nature of cancer occurrence and outcomes, approaches have been developed to simultaneously assess the role of two or more etiologic agents within hierarchical levels including the: (i) macroenvironment level (e.g., health care policy, neighborhood, or family structure); (ii) individual level (e.g., behaviors, carcinogenic exposures, socioeconomic factors, and psychologic ...

OBJECTIVE To examine cross sectional and longitudinal associations of socioeconomic position and neighborhood environments with BMI in a middle-aged and bi-ethnic cohort. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Analyses were based on 13,167 subjects (45 to 64 years) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a population-based study. Census block groups were used as proxies fo...

Abstract The present paper proposes a new Strain Energy Function (SEF) for modeling​ incompressible orthotropic hyperelastic materials with specific application to the mechanical response of passive ventricular myocardium. In order build our SEF, we have followed classical strategy based on exponential functions, but chosen work polyconvex invariants instead standard ones. Actually, in context ...

BACKGROUND Saccadic eye movements are used to rapidly align the fovea with the image of objects of interest in peripheral vision. We have recently shown that in children there is a high preponderance of quick latency but poorly planned saccades that consistently fall short of the target goal. The characteristics of these multiple saccades are consistent with a lack of proper inhibitory control ...

In what frame of reference does the supplementary eye field (SEF) encode saccadic eye movements? In this study, the "saccade collision" test was used to determine whether a saccade electrically evoked in the monkey's SEF is programmed to reach an oculocentric goal or a nonoculocentric (e.g., head or body-centered) goal. If the eyes start moving just before or when an oculocentric goal is impose...

BACKGROUND There has been an ongoing debate whether the effects of socioeconomic factors on health are due to absolute poverty and material factors or to relative deprivation and psychosocial factors. In the present analyses, we examined the importance for health of material factors, which may have a direct effect on health, and of those that may affect health indirectly, through psychosocial m...