Active sodium transport across alveolar epithelium is known to contribute to the resolution of pulmonary oedema. We have attempted to assess whether sodium transport is essential to prevent liquid accumulation in healthy pulmonary alveoli exposed to mild hypoxia, and whether its contribution to liquid absorption differs between mild and moderate levels of hypoxia. In twenty-four anaesthetized a...

A double-lumen perfusion technique has been used to study amino acid and peptide absorption in eight normal control subjects, 13 patients with untreated adult coeliac disease, and 16 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis who had varying morphological abnormalities of the small bowel. All subjects were perfused with isotonic solutions containing 10 mM glycyl-L-alanine and 10 mM glycine + 10 mM ...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known as a highly toxic environmental chemical threat. Prolonged exposure to H2S can lead to the formation of pulmonary edema. However, the mechanisms of how H2S facilitates edema formation are poorly understood. Since edema formation can be enhanced by an impaired clearance of electrolytes and, consequently, fluid across the alveolar epithelium, it was questioned...

Osmotically balanced solutions of glucose (0.5-300 mM) and sodium chloride, containing cetrimonium bromide (cetrimide, 0.8-4.1 mM), were instilled into the jejunum, ileum and colon of anaesthetized rats. Net transport of glucose, sodium and potassium was studied by their disappearance from, or accumulation into the intestinal lumen during 15 min incubation. Cetrimide caused the following shifts...

The effects of rapeseed and soybean expeller on digestion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur in dairy cows were investigated in a study conducted as an incomplete Latin square. The experimental diets consisted of five concentrates fed at a rate of 9 kg d-1: a mixture of barley and oats (control), which was replaced either with rapeseed or soybean expeller both at t...

In situ perfusion of rat intestine was used to evaluate the effect of bicarbonate on the efficacy of a low sodium (35 mmol/l) glucose-electrolyte oral rehydration solution in normal and cholera toxin-treated rat small intestine. In normal intestine, absorption of water was greater (108 (8.1) microliters/min/g; p less than 0.01) and sodium secretion less (-4.3 (0.3) mumol/min/g; p less than 0.01...

The nearby transiting planet HD 189733b was observed during three transits with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope in spectroscopic mode. The resulting timeseries of 675 spectra covers the 550–1050 nm range, with a resolution element of ∼8 nm, at extremely high accuracy (signal-to-noise ratio up to 10 000 in 50-nm intervals in each individual spectrum). Using these da...

The nearby transiting planet HD 189733b was observed during three transits with the ACS camera of the Hubble Space Telescope in spectroscopic mode. The resulting time series of 675 spectra covers the 550-1050 nm range, with a resolution element of ∼ 8 nm, at extremely high accuracy (signal-to-noise ratio up to 10,000 in 50 nm intervals in each individual spectrum). Using these data, we disentan...