Some inherited periodic paralyses are caused by mutations in skeletal muscle Na(V)1.4 sodium channels that alter channel gating and impair action potential generation. In the case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, mutations of one of the outermost two gating charges in the S4 voltage sensor in domain II of the Na(V)1.4 alpha subunit induce gating pore current, resulting in a leak of sodium or ...

BACKGROUND The accumulation of intracellular sodium during myocardial ischemia couples an inappropriate calcium influx and depressed cardiac recovery during subsequent reperfusion. The effects of the selective sodium/ hydrogen exchange inhibitor HOE 694 are evaluated during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS Ten isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 2-minute infusion of St. Thomas...

Background & Aims: Sodium arsenite causes oxidative stress and endocrine disorders in the reproductive system. The aim was to investigate the protective role of curcumin as an antioxidant on the seminal vesicle tissue in adult mice treated with sodium arsenite. Materials & Methods: Adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (six mice per group) ...

The reabsorption of salt in the distal nephron is predominantly mediated via the thiazide-sensitive sodium chroride cotransporter, NCC (SLC12A3), and the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4, PDS), with pendrin working in tandem with the epithelial sodium channel and NCC working by itself. Single deletion of NCC or pendrin in genetically engineered mouse models does not cause salt wa...

Background & Aims: Sodium arsenite, an environmental pollutant, produces free radicals with harmful effects on the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin, as a strong antioxidant, on the testis tissue and spermatogenic cell population in mice treated with sodium arsenite. Methods: In this experimental study, A...

BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate the effect of dietary salt restriction on blood pressure levels, total sodium removal, and hydration status of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one stable PD patients who consulted a renal dietitian monthly for dietary recommendations, including restricted salt intake <5 g/day, and education about hypertension and hypervolemia were ...

Besides the kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract is the principal organ responsible for sodium homeostasis. For sodium transport across the cell membranes the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is of pivotal relevance. The ENaC is mainly regulated by mineralocorticoid receptor mediated actions. The MR activation by endogenous 11β-hydroxy-glucocorticoids is modulated by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehyd...

Cellular sodium excess is cytotoxic because it increases both the intracellular osmotic load and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Because sodium levels rise during hypoxia, it is thought to contribute to hypoxic injury. Thus the present study tested the hypothesis that taurine-linked reductions in [Na(+)](i) reduce hypoxia-induced cell injury. Taurine depletion was achieved by...

The title compound, potassium sodium dioxidomolybden-um(VI) arsenate, K0.78Na0.22MoO2AsO4, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction route. The structure is built up from corner-sharing MoO6 octa-hedra and AsO4 tetra-hedra, creating infinite [MoAsO8]∞ chains running along the b-axis direction. As, Mo and all but one O atom are on special positions (4c) with m symmetry and K (occupancy 0.78) is ...