INTRODUCTION Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is commonly used in the manufacturing process to release synthesized peptides from solid-phase resins. TFA or acetate is also used during reversed-phase HPLC purification of peptides. TFA is manufactured using acetate and fluoride as precursors, and residual levels of these compounds may be present whenever TFA is used. Residual TFA, fluoride, and, to a m...

The proper resin selection can make ion exchange a cost-effective and effective pollution control method. Toxic ions in drinking water be exchanged for other via solid resin. Nowadays metals are common contaminants surface water, groundwater, industrial wastewater effluent from various sources the world. Such openly challenge seriously threaten environment all living beings. In present time, hu...

Conventional ion-selective electrodes with a liquid junction have the disadvantage of potential drift. All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes with solid contact in between the metal electrode and the ion-selective membrane offer high capacitance or conductance to enhance potential stability. Solution-casted chitosan/Prussian blue nanocomposite (ChPBN) was employed as the solid contact layer f...

a difference in salt concentration in two solutions separated by a membrane leads to an electrical potential difference across the membrane, also without applied current. a literature study is presented on proposed theories for the origin of this membrane potential (ϕm). the most well-known theoretical description is teorell-meyer-sievers (tms) theory, which we analyze and extend. experimental ...

Ammonium removal from aqueous solution by a natural ion-exchange resin was investigated by considering the factors affecting the ammonium-exchange capacity including the zeolites’ particle size, the loading flow rates and the impact of a number of regenerations upon the ion-exchange capacity. The resin column was exhausted by downflow at 10, 25, 50 and 75 bed volume (BV)/h, until effluent ammon...

The modulation of the ion-fluxes across a polymeric membrane is important for designing attractive methodologies. As an alternative to commonly used dynamic electrochemistry approaches, light can be as external stimulus and provides very convenient way manipulate ions release and/or extraction into membrane. Herein, we designed solid-contact ion-selective sensor that exhibits response by irradi...

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