A model is described which explains drag reduction (DR) in dilute polymer solutions in terms of solvation of macromolecular chains and formation of relatively stable domains. The domains partly suppress the vortex formation, act as energy sinks, and also play a role in mechanical degradation in flow (MDF). We report ultrasonically determined solvation numbers for a series of copolymers with the...

abstract in recent years, many researchers have attempted to estimate the soil hydraulic functions (e.g. soil moisture characteristics curve, and hydraulic conductivity function) using particle-size distribution (psd) curve. in these studies, an accurate mathematical representation of psd is required for fitting the observed data. so far, some mathematical models were developed with different l...

The hydrophobic effect is the dominant force which drives a proteintowards its native state, but its physics has not been thoroughlyunderstood yet. We introduce an exactly solvable model of the solvation ofnon-polar molecules in water, which shows that the reduced number ofallowed configurations of water molecules when the solute is present isenough to give rise to hydrophobic behaviour. We app...

Solvation-induced shifts in molecular properties can be realistically simulated by employing a dynamic model with explicit solvent molecules. In this work, (13)C NMR chemical shifts of various candidate antenna molecules for dye-sensitised solar cells have been studied by using density-functional theory calculations both in vacuo and by employing a dynamic solvation model. The solvent effects w...

We argue that electron transfer reactions in slowly relaxing solvents proceed in the nonergodic regime, making the reaction activation barrier strongly dependent on the solvent dynamics. For typical dielectric relaxation times of polar nematics, electron transfer reactions in the subnanosecond time scale fall into nonergodic regime in which nuclear solvation energies entering the activation bar...

This paper presents the first step of a research programme implemented by IFSTTAR in order to develop an integrative simulation platform able to support a Human Centred Design (HCD) method for virtual design of driving assistances. This virtual platform, named COSMO-SiVIC, implements a COgnitive Simulation MOdel of the DRIVEr (i.e. COSMODRIVE) into a Vehicle–Environment–Sensors platform (named ...

We demonstrate that with two small modifications, the popular dielectric continuum model is capable of predicting, with high accuracy, ion solvation thermodynamics in numerous polar solvents, and ion solvation free energies in water–co-solvent mixtures. The first modification involves perturbing the macroscopic dielectric-flux interface condition at the solute–solvent interface with a nonlinear...

In molecular mechanics simulations of biological systems, the solvation water is typically represented by a default water model which is an integral part of the force field. Indeed, protein nonbonding parameters are chosen in order to obtain a balance between water-water and protein-water interactions and hence a reliable description of protein solvation. However, less attention has been paid t...