We introduce a data structure called SOUR Graphs and present an eecient Knuth-Bendix completion procedure based on it. SOUR Graphs allow for a maximal structure sharing of terms in rewriting systems. The term representation is a dag representation, except that edges are labelled with equational constraints and variable renamings. The rewrite rules correspond to rewrite edges, the uniication pro...

People robustly associate various sound attributes with specific smells/tastes, and soundtracks that are associated with specific tastes can influence people's evaluation of the taste of food and drink. However, it is currently unknown whether such soundtracks directly impact the eating experience via physiological changes (an embodiment account), or whether they act at a higher cognitive level...

Previous studies have shown that mudpuppy taste receptor cells respond to sour taste stimuli (weak acids) with depolarizing receptor potentials or action potentials that are blocked by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Voltage-clamp recordings from isolated taste cells indicated that taste receptor cells exhibit a variety of voltage-dependent conductances and that acids reduce a voltag...

We report on the results of two online experiments designed to compare different soundtracks that had been composed (by various researchers and sound designers) in order to evoke/match different basic tastes. In Experiment 1, 100 participants listened to samples from 24 soundtracks and chose the taste (sweet, sour, salty, or bitter) that best matched each sample. Overall, the sweet soundtracks ...

Three-year-old citrus trees were grown in the greenhouse to study the effects of fertilizer concentration and root herbivory on plant growth and mineral concentration. In separate experiments, sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. Poncirus trifoliate L.) plants were treated with a complete fertilizer diluted to provide 25, 100, 200, or 400 ppm N and grown fo...

A urate run-time analysis has been expensive for omplex programs, in part be ause most methods perform on all data. Some appli ations require only partial reorganization. An example of this is o -loading infrequently used data from a mobile devi e. Complete monitoring is not ne essary beause not all a esses an rea h the displa ed data. To support partial monitoring, this paper presents a framew...

Miraculin (MCL) is a homodimeric protein isolated from the fruits of Richadella dulcifica, a shrub native to West Africa. Although it is flat in taste at neutral pH, MCL has taste-modifying activity in which sour stimuli produce a sweet perception. Once MCL enters the mouth, strong sweetness can be detected for more than 1 h each time we taste a sour solution. While the human sweet taste recept...

To clarify the intrinsic food preference mechanism, we investigated brain neurophysiological responses to unpleasant gustatory stimuli using electroencephalogram (EEG) and near-infrared hemoencepalogram (NIR-HEG) simultaneously. A conventional delayed response task based on Go/Nogo paradigm was adopted to extract real brain response components from spontaneous background signals. We found exces...

Pomegranate, a small tree with potential human health benefits, is grown mainly in Iran, India and USA as well as in most Near and Far East countries. It has been used extensively in folk medicine for a number of therapeutic purposes. In the present study, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP) was employed and the FRAP value of the seed fraction of six different cultivars of pomegr...