t is estimated that the human T lymphotropic virus type (HTLV-1) infects approximately 20 million people worldide. Associated diseases, however, manifest only in 5–10% f infected individuals.1 Studies have shown that HTLV-1 is ndemic in Southern Japan, the Caribbean, South America, elanesian islands, Papua New Guinea, the Middle East and entral and Southern Africa. In Brazil, HTLV-1 infection i...

Cellular automata arise naturally in the study of physical systems, and exhibit a seemingly limitless range of intriguing behaviour. Such models lend themselves naturally to simulation, yet rigorous analysis can be notoriously difficult, and can yield highly unexpected results. Bootstrap percolation is a very simple model, originally introduced in [13], which turns out to hold many surprises. C...

Sea surface currents and circulation patterns can be estimated globally and in a continuous manner using satellite radar altimeters. This study is concerned with the surface current circulation pattern in the South China Sea. The main data utilized are the tidal amplitudes from co-tidal charts, the sea level anomaly and the wind speed from the Jason-1 satellite altimetry data. Algorithms used t...

S. M. Perez,1,2 W. A. Richter,3 B. A. Brown,4 and M. Horoi5 1Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa 2iThemba LABS, P. O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa 3Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, and National Superconducting Cyclotron Lab...

German unification and the subsequent breakdown of economic activity in East Germany initiated enormous migration flows from East to West Germany. People from East Germany moved towards West Germany, where wages are higher and employment opportunities are more favourable. Our paper takes a somewhat broader perspective; it analyses migration flows between four macro regions, i.e. East, North, So...

It has been shown that temperature cycles on airless bodies of our Solar System can cause damaging surface materials. Nevertheless, propagation mechanisms in the case space objects are still poorly understood. Present work combines a thermoelasticity model together with linear elastic fracture mechanics theory to predict presence thermal gradients generated by diurnal cycling and under conditio...

Urban pseudo and reality human settlements (PHSs RHSs) are important components of the human–land relationship regional system. To explore coupling coordination principle among them is an approach to high-quality coordinated urban development. Based on three-dimensional development settlements, theoretical system a “three states” dynamic frame diagram constructed. The spatio-temporal heterogene...

Hot-humid areas have long, hot summers and poor outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The urban heat island (UHI) effect exacerbates the deterioration of OTC in hot-humid areas, seriously affecting safety children’s activities. In this study, 60 scenes were simulated using ENVI-met based on different leaf area index (LAI) planting arrangements to explore how tree LAI affect small-scale environment dur...

In an effort to place type specimens lackingmolecular data into a phylogenetic framework ahead of a taxonomic revision, we used morphometric data, both alone and in combination with a molecular dataset, to generate phylogenetic hypotheses under the parsimony criterion for 107 members of the South-east Asian mite harvestman family Stylocellidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi). For the morp...