Spores of both Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis (brown rust and yellow rust of wheat) are thought to be primarily dispersed by wind. The results of experiments, using a rain simulator with uniform drop sizes (2.5, 3.4, 4.2 or 4.9 mm), on the effect of rain on dispersal of brown (leaf) rust and yellow (stripe) rust spores are reported. Experiments on both pathogens were done ...

A number of different fungal hyperparasites have been observed to grow in pustules of rust fungi. Examples of these are Verticillium (HASSEBRAUK 1936, KOTTHoFF 1937, GAMS 1971), Darluca fi/um (KRANz 1973), Monocillium nordinii (TSUNEDA and HIRATSUKA 1980), Alternaria and Cladosporium species (OMAR and HEATHER 1979). Verticillium lecanii may be the most interesting fungus for biological control ...

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow) was first reported in the United States in 1978 and is still one of the great challenges for sugarcane production. A better understanding of sugarcane genotypic variation in response to brown rust will help optimize breeding and selection strategies for disease resistance. Brown rust ratings were scaled from ...

marten using a broom rust in Engelmann spruce as a resting site Figure 29-Brooms caused by spruce broom rust are most conspicuous durmg the summer when yellow-brown spores are present. Figure 28Spruce broom rust on Engelmann spruce.

during the study on rust mycobiota of central alborz, several rust infected specimens belonging to salicaceae family including populus and salix species were investigated. populus nigra, p. euphratica, saix alba and s. excelsa were infected by various melampsora species. uredinial (ii) and telial (iii) stages of rust were present on infected plants. according to morphological characters, five f...

The interaction of crop pests with their natural enemies is a fundament to their control. Natural enemies of fungal pathogens of crops are poorly known relative to those of insect pests, despite the diversity of fungal pathogens and their economic importance. Currently, many regions across Latin America are experiencing unprecedented epidemics of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix). Identification...

Soybean rust (SBR) in Brazil is controlled with fungicides, which have shown variable, sometimes declining, efficacy over time. A Monte Carlo simulation framework was implemented as a decision tool and to estimate the probability for fungicide programme being profitable depending on total cost defined by user. Probability distributions were fitted slopes intercepts of disease–yield relationship...

Rust fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant plants, a better understanding of rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus far, only six rust effector proteins have been described: AvrP123, AvrP4, AvrL567, AvrM, RTP1, and PGTAUSPE-10-1. Although some are well established model proteins used to investigate mechanisms of immune recept...

BACKGROUND While orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a well-known perennial forage species, rust diseases cause serious reductions in the yield and quality of orchardgrass; however, genetic mechanisms of rust resistance are not well understood in orchardgrass. RESULTS In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SL...