The use of the autologistic model for binary spatial data on a regular lattice is hindered by the necessity to evaluate the normalising constant which is intractable in all but small systems. An alternative Bayesian approach is presented using a hierarchical model where the observed data is the sign of a hidden conditional autoregressive Gaussian process. This has the advantage that the nor-mal...

In this study, we examined the orientation dependency of spatial representations following various learning conditions. We assessed the spatial representations of human participants after they had learned a complex spatial layout via map learning, via navigating within a real environment, or via navigating through a virtual simulation of that environment. Performances were compared between cond...

this research deals with the concept of uniqueness in creativity as one of the artist's concerns and her personal features differentiates her from her peers in literary approach and critical view horizon based on her learned knowledge and literature.the reflection of such concept can be found in the book teyf-e- al-khialwritten by sharif al-murtazain both poetry and its criticism. the poet...

A formulation for the analysis of nonlinear vibrations Variable Stiffness (VS) plates is presented. Third-order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) employed in conjunction with a mixed variational formulation. The solution sought via Ritz approximation spatial dependency, while time dependency handled Differential Quadrature (DQ) and Harmonic Balance (HB) methods. main advantage framework reduced c...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial pattern of leprosy case occurrences in order to identify areas with a probability of disease transmission risks. METHODS This was an ecological study in which the analysis units were municipalities in the State of São Paulo that were georeferenced at their centroids. The data source was the electronic database of notified leprosy cases at the Epidemiological S...

This study of the digital divide within Japan utilizes data from Japan’s 47 prefectures for spatial analysis of distributions of technology utilization variables. It analyzes the spatial outliers and clusters of prefectures for the country. The paper constructs a conceptual model based on 10 dependent factors and 17 independent ones. The relationship of the independent to dependent factors is m...

Spatial dependency and spatial embedding are basic physical properties of many phenomena modeled by networks. The most indicated computational environment to deal with spatial information is to use Georeferenced Information System (GIS) and Geographical Database Management Systems (GDBMS). Several models have been proposed in this direction, however there is a gap in the literature in generic f...

We consider how the detection of second-order contrast structure depends on the orientation and spatial frequency of first-order luminance structure. For patterns composed of a bandpass noise carrier multiplied by a contrast envelope function, we show that sensitivity to the envelope varies in proportion to the spatial frequency of the carrier. For oriented carriers at low spatial-frequencies, ...