A simple and intuitive metric of multiplexing e ciency is proposed for evaluating the performance of MIMO antennas in the spatial multiplexing mode of operation. The metric is particularly useful for antenna engineers whose goal is to achieve the optimum antenna system design. Experimental results involving prototype mobile terminals highlight the e ectiveness of our proposal.

Single molecule (SM) techniques are relatively new additions to the field of biophysics that allow one to manipulate individual molecules and study their behavior. To make these studies more relevant to what actually happens in the cell, one needs to move beyond the studies of individual molecules in isolation and study many different molecules working in concert. This presents a technical chal...

In this paper, we propose algorithms for signal detection in large-scale multiuser spatial modulation multipleinput multiple-output (SM-MIMO) systems. In large-scale SMMIMO, each user is equipped with multiple transmit antennas (e.g., 2 or 4 antennas) but only one transmit RF chain, and the base station (BS) is equipped with tens to hundreds of (e.g., 128) receive antennas. In SM-MIMO, in a giv...

Multiple Input Multiple Outputs MIMO; Space-Time Coding (STC) improves the BER by adding diversity in the presence of a channel fading. The V-BLAST and D-BLAST techniques are designed to improve the data rate. The performance of these techniques is highly dependent on the MIMO channel environment. Space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) combine’s spatial modulation (SM) and space-ti...

A simple correlated channel model for ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-antenna systems is proposed. The authors show that a single numerical value of the spatial correlation coefficient is sufficient to accurately model the performance of UWB spatial multiplexing systems in an indoor environment. The appropriate value of the correlation coefficient is selected by ensuring a close match between the ...

Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population. Patients and Methods: Standardized profile photographic records were taken from 34 men and 37 women. Twelve measurements were anal...