We examined a behavioral mechanism of how increases in leg strength improve healthy old adults' gait speed. Leg press strength training improved maximal leg press load 40% (p = 0.001) and isometric strength in 5 group of leg muscles 32% (p = 0.001) in a randomly allocated intervention group of healthy old adults (age 74, n = 15) but not in no-exercise control group (age 74, n = 8). Gait speed i...

The gross energy cost of treadmill and track running is re-investigated from data published in the literature. An average equation, weighted for the number of subjects in each study, was found: VO2 (ml/kg/min) = 2.209 + 3.163 speed (km/h) for 130 subjects (trained and untrained males and females) and 10 treadmill studies. On the track, wind resistance as predicted by Pugh (1970) was added to th...

We consider the online scheduling problem of minimizing total weighted flow time plus energy on a processor that can scale its speed dynamically between 0 and some maximum speed T . In the past few years this problem has been studied extensively under the clairvoyant setting, which requires the size of a job to be known when it is released [1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, 16, 17]. For the non-clairvoyant s...

Billfishes are considered to be among the fastest swimmers in the oceans. Previous studies have estimated maximum speed of sailfish and black marlin at around 35 m s-1 but theoretical work on cavitation predicts that such extreme speed is unlikely. Here we investigated maximum speed of sailfish, and three other large marine pelagic predatory fish species, by measuring the twitch contraction tim...

rapid germination is an important factor determining the final yield. the most important abiotic stress threatening lentils is drought and temperature. therefore, this study was performed with the aim of investigating effects various thermal treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°c) and four levels of drought (0, -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar) on percentage and germination rate of lentil genotypes. a s...

Recently, researchers in robotics have used regulation of the angular momentum of body segments about the total body center of mass (CoM) to develop control strategies for bipedal gait. This work was spurred by reports finding that for a "large class" of human movement tasks, including standing, walking, and running the angular momentum is conserved about the CoM. However, there is little data ...

The profiles of the linear envelopes of surface electromyograms of seven major muscles in adults were studied as a function of walking speed. The ensemble statistical properties of average and standard deviation were used to quantitate the characteristics of the electromyographic patterns. Analysis of variance was used to indicate periods in the gait stride that were effected by walking speed. ...

Humans do not generally walk at constant speed, except perhaps on a treadmill. Normal walking involves starting, stopping and changing speeds, in addition to roughly steady locomotion. Here, we measure the metabolic energy cost of walking when changing speed. Subjects (healthy adults) walked with oscillating speeds on a constant-speed treadmill, alternating between walking slower and faster tha...

In order to predict a pedestrian’s walking speed on stairs from his/her characteristics of and those of the stairs, the relationship between the walking speed of a pedestrian on stairs and his/her characteristics, and the relationship between the pedestrians’ walking speeds on stairs and the stair-gradients were investigated. It is suggested that Leg Extensor Power shows a strong correlation to...