Alongside the past development of endoscopic sinus surgery, knowledge about the anatomy of the sinuses has become crucial for surgeons. The sphenoid sinus is one of the most variable of all sinuses. Its relations to vital vascular and nervous elements make its approach a challenge for endoscopic surgeons. These relations include the internal carotid artery, the optic nerve, the pituitary gland,...

Radiographic findings of 15 untreated chondrosarcomas of the cranial and facial bones were reviewed. These tumors have a propensity to occur in the wall of a maxillary sinus, at the junction of sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses and vomer, and at the undersurface of the sphenoid bone. Because of its slow-growing nature, chondrosarcomas tend to be large, multilobulated, and sharply demarcated when det...

Intracranial complications of sinusitis, including meningitis, are uncommon in childhood. Among pediatric patients admitted for treatment of sinusitis, 3.2% were found to have an intracranial complication. Conversely, among pediatric patients with intracranial infections, only 2.4% had infections secondary to sinusitis. Infection of the sphenoid sinuses, however, merits particular concern. Thes...

The lateral limit of endoscopic endonasal surgery has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the lateral limit of endoscopic endonasal surgery at the level of the sphenoid sinus. Access from the sphenoid sinus to the middle cranial fossa through the cavernous sinus triangles was evaluated by cadaver dissection. Anatomical analysis demonstrated that the medial temporal dura ...

Cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea due to clival fracture are rare. We present a case of bacterial meningitis with CSF rhinorrhea after a clival fracture. Heavily T2-weighted images showed a bone flap in the thinned clivus and fluid collection in the sphenoid sinus. CSF rhinorrhea developed at 1 month after mild trauma. The fracture may have been caused by the trauma and/or by the pr...

A 44-year-old man without any remarkable medical history developed double vision and numbness of the left face. At his first visit, the patient presented the neurological manifestations of Garcin’s syndrome, involving the left third to twelfth cranial nerves. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor of mainly the left sphenoid sinus and clivus, and the tumor showed iso-intensity on T1-...

COMPLICATIONS DEFINITION Benign, biologically progressive, highly vascular, high incidence of persistence and recurrence. 0.5% of all neoplasms of head and neck. Hippocrates described a polyp in the nose which weeped blood. Finally Friedberg in 1940 used the term Angiofibroma. Sphenopalatine foramen (Usually Superior lip of the sphenopalatine foramen at the junction of the Pterygoid Process of ...