The syndrome of pseudohypoparathyroidism describedbyAlbright, Burnett, Smith, andParson (1942) has been well reviewed by MacGregor andWhitehead (1954) and by Mann, Alterman, and Gorman Hills (1962). The clinical features consist of mental retardation, epilepsy and attacks of tetany, as well as ectodermal defects such as alopecia, defective dentition, brittlenails, andcataracts. There are also c...

The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull and terminates near the lower margin of the L1 vertebral body. Below L1, the spinal canal contains the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves that comprise the cauda equina. Therefore, injuries below L1 involve the segmental spinal nerves and/or cauda equina. Injuries above the termination of the spinal cord at L1 often involve both spinal ...

spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition which is described as the accumulation of fat in the extradural territory and often causes dural impingement. spinal epidural lipomatosis has been implicated in causing a variety of neurologic impairments ranging from back pain, radiculopathy, claudication, myelopathy or even cauda equina syndrome. we report a 46-year-old female with obesity and a...

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein expressed in astrocytes throughout the CNS. In brain, AQP4 facilitates water balance and glial scar formation, which are important determinants of outcome after injury. Here, we provide evidence for AQP4-dependent spinal cord swelling following compression injury, resulting in remarkably improved outcome in AQP4-null mice. Two days after transient T...

The incidence of spinal meningioma is very rare in children. A 14-year-old girl presented with right arm weakness, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary tumor dorsal to the spinal cord in the level of C1. The tumor was totally removed despite the severe cord compression. Meningotheliomatous meningioma was diagnosed ...

What are the clinical symptoms of spinal compression ? First, is there any deformity of the spine ? Deformity is very common in caries, but rare in tumour. Neither of these patients had any deformity. Root-symptoms are, almost always, present from the start. If it is a posterior root which is compressed, there is root-anaesthesia at the level of the lesion. If an anterior root is compressed, th...

A 42 year old Greek male with pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism presented with difficulty in walking and with lower limb weakness. His physical signs included short stature, thick neck, short fourth metacarpals and metatarsals, and a spastic paraparesis. Serum calcium and phosphate and parathyroid concentrations were normal. Myelography demonstrated compression of the cervical and lumbar cord in ...