Software architecture design is a critical step of software development. Currently, there are various design methods available and each is focusing on certain perspective of architecture design. Especially, quality-based methods have received a lot of attentions and have been well developed for single system architecture design. However, the use of quality-based design methods is limited in sof...

Using fMRI, we investigated neural substrates for focusing attention in working memory. To explore this focusing effect, two kinds of reading span test (RST), focused and nonfocused, were performed. In the focused RST (F-RST), the target word to be maintained was the focus word in the sentence. In the nonfocused RST (NF-RST), the target word was not the focus word in the sentence. In both RST c...

Software product lines (SPL) are used to build similar programs from a single code base. Programs of an SPL can be distinguished in terms of features, which represent units of program functionality that satisfy requirements. Features of an SPL can be bound either statically at program compile time or dynamically at runtime. Both binding times have advantages and disadvantages, as we will explai...

Cloud computing has emerged as a model for distributed computing that promotes on-demand scalability, flexible application deployment and reuse. Software product lines (SPL) promote reusable application development for product families. Cloud systems change to respond to changing clients’ requirements. Cloud systems can be modeled as Software-as-aService (SaaS) families similar to the SPL conce...

The E(spl) complex (E(spl)-C) contains three different classes of genes that are downstream of Notch signaling. The bHLH genes mediate the Notch signal by repressing proneural gene activity, for example during the singularization of mechanosensory organ precursor cells (SOPs). Genes of the second class, the E(spl) m4/ma family, antagonize this process if overexpressed. Here we show that this is...

Prior research on software product lines (SPLs) in different domains (e.g., avionics mission computing, automotive, cellular phones) has focused primarily on managing the commonalities and variabilities among product variants at the level of application functionality. Despite the fact that the application-level SPL requirements drive the specializations (i.e., customizations and optimizations) ...

Context: Software product lines (SPL) are used in industry to achieve more efficient software development. However, the testing side of SPL is underdeveloped. Objective: This study aims at surveying existing research on SPL testing in order to identify useful approaches and needs for future research. Method: A systematic mapping study is launched to find as much literature as possible, and the ...

Software Product-lines (SPLs) are software architectures that use modular software components that can be reconfigured into different variants for different requirements sets. Feature modeling is a common method used to capture the configuration rules for an SPL architecture. A key challenge developers face when maintaining an SPL is determining how to select a set of architectural features for...

UV radiation triggers the formation of 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, i.e., the spore photoproduct (SP), in the genomic DNA of bacterial endospores. These SPs, if not repaired in time, may lead to genome instability and cell death. SP is mainly repaired by spore photoproduct lyase (SPL) during spore outgrowth via an unprecedented protein-harbored radical transfer pathway that is composed of at ...

Current exposure limits for high intensity impulse noise contain factors for hearing protection which are based on very limited data. Recent studies in the U.S. and in France have provided new insights into the protection afforded by hearing protective devices. For impulses with an Aduration of approximately 3.0 ms, protection was found to be adequate for peak pressures up to 190 dB SPL for 6 i...