1. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran 3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,...

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) patterns during pregnancy have not been explored in depth and most previous studies lack assessment of variables such as type, frequency, duration and intensity of activity. OBJECTIVES This study had two goals: 1) to analyze PA patterns during pregnancy according to weekly time spent on different types of activity; and 2) to determine women's perception about...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of gender, alcohol use, smoking behaviour and the practice of sport on physical self-concept among Spanish students of physical education. A total of 1,008 students (M age=15.94, SD=89) participated in the study, and completed the physical self-concept questionnaire (PSQ). The results revealed that physical self-concept was related to gender,...

Nowadays, ailments which are known as specific diseases make the society we live in suffer, and scientific researches pay much attention to the effect of sport and physical activity on these diseases and introduce sports as treatment for them. The purpose of this study was to check the effect of an aerobic training course on social-physical anxiety in women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The s...

nowadays, sport is known as a great business in trade activities and has brought huge revenues for athletes; sport teams and other sport personalities whereas large part of this revenue emanates from intellectual property rights particularly different kinds of trademarks. regarding fundamental principles and legal approaches of leading systems, this paper attempts to clarify the eminent role of...

the aim of this study is to evaluate the sport marketing mix and its seven elements (product, price, promotion, place, public relations, people, and physical evidence) in iran’s volleyball super league from the viewpoint of ministry of sport and volleyball federation managers in two conditions, namely existing and optimal. for this purpose, 102 subjects, among them the official staffs in the mi...

the purpose of this research was to survey the attitudes of students living in university of tehran dormitories towards sport for all. the method of the research was descriptive. population consisted of all students who lived in university of tehran dormitories (n=7439) out of which 370 subjects were selected by morgan table. a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data; the val...

BACKGROUND The sports club is seen as a new relevant setting to promote health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) among inactive population groups. Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies and activities implemented in the sports club setting on increasing HEPA levels. This study investigated the effects of Start2Bike, a six-week training program for inactive adults and adult novic...

Introduction. The purpose of the educational process at school is to promote a pro-fitness lifestyle, which means that after completing education school graduates should be able to engage in different forms of physical activity on a regular basis for the aim of health enhancement. Adolescents with positive attitudes to physical education are more active and tend to opt for more PE lessons at sc...