Electrical control of the exchange spring in antiferromagnetic metals is obtained in [Co/Pt]/IrMn Hall devices by using an ionic liquid, where the exchange spring could transfer the "force" and enable a deeper modulation depth in the IrMn. This work provides a new approach toward electrical modulation of the spin structures in metallic antiferromagnets, which should be significant in advancing ...

background; musculoskeletal disorders (msds) are among the most prevalent pains which could be ignited via material handling. backpack wearers are among those who may carry heavy loads. since msds mainly originate in school-aged children, students (as the largest group of backpack wearers) are considered more important. the purpose of this study is to design a backpack based on minimization of ...

We model small deviations from linear mechanical behaviour of a loaded vertically suspended helical spring. A Taylor expansion of the elasticity equations governing the axial extension of the spring is used to determine the relative magnitudes of linear and (quadratic and cubic) nonlinear terms in the force–extension relationship. This relationship is the basis for the derivation of a model for...

This experiment was conducted in attempt of improving hydrodynamic efficiency of the propulsion mechanism by installing a spring to the wing so that the opening angle of the wing in one stroke can be changed automatically, compared to the existing method of fixed maximum opening angle in Weis-Fogh type ship propulsion mechanism. Average thrust coefficient was almost fixed with all velocity rati...

In this report, I present a simple model using springs to conceptualize the relationship between ionic conductances across a cellular membrane and their effect on membrane potential. The equation describing the relationships linking membrane potential, ionic equilibrium potential, and ionic conductance is of similar form to that describing the force generated by a spring as a function of its di...

Over the past ten years or so the need for the measurement of low forces ranging from newtons down to attonewtons has become increasingly important. As we begin to manufacture and manipulate structures on the micrometre to nanometre scale, the forces that are exerted in such processes must be controlled. To control such forces requires some form of measurement, either a direct measurement of th...

Abstract In this study, we investigate the effects of thermal fluctuations on generalized Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model. We show that distribution pull-off forces in model is similar to Bradley model, and also consistent with experiment result observed Wierez-Kien et al. (Nanotechnology 29(15):155704 2018). Increasing temperature leads a broadening distribution, while reduction force. Add...

A novel diamagnetic lateral force calibrator D-LFC has been developed to directly calibrate atomic force microscope AFM cantilever-tip or -bead assemblies. This enables an AFM to accurately measure the lateral forces encountered in friction or biomechanical-testing experiments at a small length scale. In the process of development, deformation characteristics of the AFM cantilever assemblies un...

The mechanism and geometry of force measurement with the atomic force microscope are analyzed in detail. The effective spring constant to be used in force measurement is given in terms of the cantilever spring constant. Particular attention is paid to possible dynamic effects. Theoretical calculations show that inertial effects may be neglected in most regimes, the exception being when relative...

PURPOSE This study was undertaken to evaluate the insertion forces utilized during simulated placement of a urethral catheter by healthcare individuals with a variety of catheter experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 21F urethral catheter was mounted to a metal spring. Participants were asked to press the tubing spring against a force gauge and stop when they met a level of resistance that woul...