Landscape and ecosystem models have typically been viewed as “black boxes”, that given a set of inputs yield a set of outputs. This view does not easily lend itself to investigations as to why a model behaves as it does, especially when multiple models are coupled together to create a larger model. We hypothesize that, for this type of investigation, a visual multimedia tool is necessary to gai...

A capsule is a liquid drop enclosed by a solid, deformable membrane. To analyze the deformation of a capsule accurately, both the fluid mechanics of the internal and external fluids and the solid mechanics of the membrane must be solved precisely. Recently, many researchers have used discrete spring network models to express the membrane mechanics of capsules and biological cells. However, it i...

In a previous study, the two nitrifying functions (ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB)) of a nitrification reactor—operated continuously over 525 days with varying inputs—were assigned using a mathematical modeling approach together with the monitoring of bacterial phylotypes. Based on these theoretical identifications, we develop here a chemostat model that doe...

The eddy flux data with field records of tidal water inundation depths of the year 2010 from two mangroves forests in southern China were analyzed to investigate the tidal effect on mangrove carbon cycle. We compared the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and its responses to light and temperature, respectively, between spring tide and neap tide inundation periods. For the most time of the year 2010,...

Interannual variability in the spring bloom in the Irminger Basin, northern North Atlantic, is investigated using SeaWiFS-derived chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and satellite or model-derived meteorological data. Variability in the timing and magnitude of the spring bloom in the basin is evaluated. A method for estimating a time series of Sverdrup’s critical depth from satellite-derived da...

Helical springs within the primary suspension are critical components for isolating the whole vehicle system from vibration generated at the wheel/rail contact. As train speeds increase, the frequency region of excitation becomes larger, and a simplified static stiffness can no longer represent the real stiffness property in a vehicle dynamic model. Coil springs in particular exhibit strong int...

Muscle contractions that load in-series springs with slow speed over a long duration do maximal work and store the most elastic energy. However, time constraints, such as those experienced during escape and predation behaviours, may prevent animals from achieving maximal force capacity from their muscles during spring-loading. Here, we ask whether animals that have limited time for elastic ener...

Deformation of the silo wall due to the single ball impact is modeled in ANSYS. The material in silo, as a Winkler bed, is replaced by spring-damper elements and the spring stiffness and damper coefficients are evaluated of the granular material and wall properties. The granular material deformation under the specified force is measured to evaluate the granular stiffness to be used for determin...

This paper shows that an integrable approximation of the spring pendulum, when tuned to be in 1 : 1 : 2 resonance, has monodromy. The stepwise precession angle of the swing plane of the resonant spring pendulum is shown to be a rotation number of the integrable approximation. Due to the monodromy, this rotation number is not a globally defined function of the integrals. In fact at lowest order ...

The facility layout problem is concerned with finding the most efficient arrangement of a given number of departments with unequal area requirements within a facility. The facility layout problem is a hard problem, and therefore, exact solution methods are only feasible for small or greatly restricted problems. In this paper, we propose a spring-embedding approach that unlike previous approache...