We consider spatial population dynamics on a lattice, following type of contact (birth–death) stochastic process. show that simple mathematical approximations for the density cells can be obtained in variety scenarios. In case homogeneous cell population, we derive cellular two-dimensional (2D) lattice with an arbitrary number neighbors, including von Neumann, Moore, and hexagonal lattice. then...

For an infinite system of particles arriving in and departing from a habitat $X$ -- locally compact Polish space with positive Radon measure $\chi$ Markov process is constructed explicit way. Along its location $x\in X$, each particle characterized by age $\alpha\geq 0$ time since arriving. As the state one takes set marked configurations $\widehat{\Gamma}$, equipped metric that makes it comple...