in this research, anatomical descriptions of the structure of the temporal bone and auditory ossicles have been performed based on dissection of ten guinea pigs. the results showed that, in guinea pig temporal bone was similar to other animals and had three parts; squamous, tympanic and petrous .the tympanic part was much better developed and consisted of oval shaped tympanic bulla with many re...

Results: Audiometric evaluation showed a maximal unilateral left conductive hearing loss. High resolution temporal bone CT showed absence of the oval window on the left along with facial and stapes abnormalities. Exploratory tympanotomy showed an aberrant facial nerve, monopodal and abnormally located stapes and absent oval window. Postoperative hearing gain achieved after a neo-oval window and...

(cavities), canals, and fissures. Crucial nerves, blood vessels, and auditory and vestibular organs coexist in this dense bone structure in a complex 3D configuration , causing medical science to once regard the temporal bone as a surgically forbidden area (see Figure 1). Today, otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat) surgeons still find it difficult to envision and master these complex anatomic...