China is reforming its banking system, partially privatizing and taking on minority foreign ownership of three of its dominant ‘‘Big Four” state-owned banks. This paper helps predict the effects by analyzing the efficiency of Chinese banks over 1994–2003. Findings suggest that Big Four banks are by far the least efficient; foreign banks are most efficient; and minority foreign ownership is asso...

IHDP Update 2.2008 Fundamental, policy-driven changes are transforming China's rangelands in response to a perceived threat of environmental degradation. Having transferred livestock property from state to private ownership over the past two decades, government policy is now encouraging pastoralists to privatise parts of the natural resource, in the form of fenced enclosures. In other areas, th...

We compare the impact of mandatory against voluntary ownership transfer on stock price informativeness using the unique research setting provided by the Split Share Structure Reform in China. Ownership transfers from state to private entity are expected to improve corporate governance, which in turn reduce managerial incentives to withhold value-relevant information to outside investor. However...

Ownership is a powerful concept to structure the object store and to control aliasing and modifications of objects. This paper presents an ownership type system for a Javalike programming language with generic types. Like our earlier Universe type system, Generic Universe Types enforce the owner-as-modifier discipline. This discipline does not restrict aliasing, but requires modifications of an...

RFID tags travel between partner sites in a supply chain. For privacy reasons, each partner owns the tags present at his site, i.e., the owner is the only entity able to authenticate his tags. When passing tags on to the next partner in the supply chain, ownership of the old partner is transferred to the new partner. In this paper, we propose ROTIV, a protocol that allows secure ownership trans...

In this paper, we attempt to assess whether the positive effects of car ownership on employment outcomes observed in past research are causal. We match state-level data on average car insurance premiums and average per-gallon gas taxes to a nationally representative microdata sample containing information on car ownership and employment outcomes comparable to the those explored in previous rese...

OBJECTIVES To understand how physician ownership of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) relates to surgery use. DATA SOURCE Using the State Ambulatory Surgery Databases, we identified patients undergoing outpatient surgery for urinary stone disease in Florida (1998-2002). STUDY DESIGN We empirically derived a measure of physician ownership and externally validated it through public data. We e...

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of gun control laws and gun ownership rates on state-level suicide rates. Using the most recent data on suicide rates, gun control measures, and gun ownership rates, the results of the present study suggest that states that require handgun permits have lower gun-related suicide rates, and states that have higher gun ownership rates ha...

Ownership of land in the Western sense involves the establishment of boundaries that simultaneously contain, restrict and grant rights within a given space. Discourse on Indigenous concepts of ownership often point to the state of ‘belonging’, a deep connection with a given territory rather than a distinctly marked space that one occupies. In coastal Indigenous cultures territory will often ext...

The paper develops the idea of configuration of ownership to distinguish three primary political ideologies: (classical) liberalism, conservatism, and leftism. The liberal configuration is atomistic in its recognition of owners and ownership claims; it conforms closely to Adam Smith’s “commutative justice,” which Smith represented as a sort of social grammar. The conservative configuration also...