Very little is known about the biodiversity of freshwater autotrophic picoplankton (APP) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, a system comprising 20% of the world's lacustrine freshwater. In this study, the genetic diversity of Lake Superior APP was examined by analyzing 16S rRNA gene and cpcBA PCR amplicons from water samples. By neighbor joining, the majority of 16S rRNA gene sequences clustered wi...

Frequency allocation in cellular networks has a number of optimisation criteria and a number of interesting trade-offs involved in trying to meet them. Analysing them is particularly important for applying frequency allocation algorithms in practice. However, this can be prohibitively complex, even in a sequential setting, and especially in a distributed setting. The latter implies a larger num...

Wireless networks that operate on batteries are imposed with energy constraints and long distance communications between nodes are not desirable. Implementing Relay Nodes (RNs) can improve network capacity and save communication energy. A two-hop relay routing scheme is considered, in which the RNs are temporarily placed and have energy constraints. This paper investigates a joint optimization ...

Cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as a way of exploiting unused spectrum bands (also called spectrum holes). However, several experiments have indicated that the currently allocated spectrum is underutilized due the static nature of the spectrum assignment. This paper presents an algorithm that allows us to obtain admission control of secondary users (SUs) in a multiuser OFDMA-based CR net...

For high speed mobile communication applications, the data rate can be increased by using multiple channels (or time slots) instead of one channel. To reduce the high blocking rate of multiple channels assignment, exible resource allocation strategies have been proposed. This paper proposes the Equal Resource Sharing Allocation scheme (ERSA scheme) for exible resource allocation. The ERSA schem...

In this paper, we investigate a joint uplink pilot and data power allocation strategy for energy-efficient communications under pilot contamination in multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MU-Massive-MIMO) systems. Assuming the maximum-ratio combining detection and a large number of antennas at the base station, the system energy efficiency (EE) is maximized over the ind...

Consider a (robotic) explorer starting an exploration of an unknown terrain from its base station. As the explorer has only limited communication radius, it is necessary to maintain a line of robotic relay stations following the explorer, so that consecutive stations are within the communication radius of each other. This line has to start in the base station and to end at the explorer. In the ...

Cooperative Relaying in Cellular Networks Sachin Kadloor Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical Engineering University of Toronto 2009 We consider a system with a single base station communicating with multiple users over orthogonal channels while being assisted by multiple relays. Several recent works have suggested that, in such a scenario, selection, i.e., a single relay...

Wireless systems migrate towards the era of “Beyond the 3rd Generation” (B3G). A fundamental facilitator of this vision is the evolution of high speed, adaptive networks, needed for better handling the offered demand and improving resource utilisation. Adaptive networks dynamically select their configuration, in order to optimally adapt to the changing environment requirements and conditions. T...

Amethod for Ž nding fuel-optimal trajectories for spacecraft subjected to avoidance requirements is introduced. These include avoidance of collisions with obstacles or other vehicles and prevention of thruster plumes from one spacecraft impinging on another spacecraft. The necessary logical constraints for avoidance are appended to a fuel-optimizing linear programby including binary variables i...