In this study, a new technical process for hardening wood fiber insulation boards is introduced. During the dry-process, the fibers are usually glued with polymeric-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (pMDI) and hardened to wood fiber insulation boards using a steam-air mixture. However, the maximum temperature reached in the steam-air process was 100 °C, and it was impossible to use an alternative bi...

Optimal operation of site utility systems is becoming an increasingly important part of any successful business strategy as environmental, legislative and commercial pressures grow. A reliable steam model allows a clear understanding of the system and of any operational constraints. It can also be used to determine the true cost of improvement projects, relating any changes in steam demand back...

Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their perfonnances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin perfonned well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-fonnaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-fonnaldehyde (MUF) resins perfonned poorl...

Steam Turbines are devices used to convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which may be used to produce Electrical Energy. Steam turbine generator units are being used extensively all over the world for generation of electric power and for co-generation of steam and power. Contact pressure and pretension in bolts-analysis has been made easier in recent years due to the availabil...

PURPOSE To compare signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and diffusion tensor metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor mapping using acceleration-compensated spin-echo (SE) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) imaging. METHODS Diffusion weighted SE and STEAM sequences were implemented on a clinical 1.5 Tesla MR system. The SNR efficiency of SE and STEAM was measured (b = 50-450 s/mm(2) ) ...

Vapor-dominated geothermal systems, including The Geysers and Larderello, have experienced significant increases in noncondensible gas during their productive histories. A depletion model has been developed to explain these increases. In the model, the low permeability of the reservoir rock matrix initially retards the flow of vapor through the matrix to fractures due to the plugging effect of ...

Various capillary pressure approaches such as the Purcell, Burdine, Corey, and Brooks-Corey methods were used to calculate steam-water relative permeabilities using the measured data of steamwater capillary pressure in both drainage and imbibition processes. The calculated results were compared to the experimental data of steam-water relative permeability measured in Berea sandstone. The steam-...

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamics of the drum-level of a natural circulation boiler. A boiler-drum is divided into two parts; the upper part contains saturated steam while the lower part contains a steam/water mixture. The ratio of the steam in that mixture is defined in this work as the steam volumetric ratio. On the other hand, balance equations are app...

Most of the advanced integrated energy systems need a heat recovery steam cycle (HRSC), either fired or unfired, that recovers the waste heat from gas turbines and process units in order to generate electric power and supply mechanical power to compressors, heat to endothermic processes, and steam to external users. The key feature of such HRSCs is the integration between the heat recovery stea...

Roasting is one of the basic unit operations in the cocoa base industries.Cocoa beans were roasted using superheated steam oven in superheated steam mode at 150, 200 and 250C for 50 min. The effect of heating time and temperatures with roasting methods on the moisture content, color and texture of the cocoa beans were studied. The changes occurred in the moisture content, colorvalues (L-, a-, b...