Many tiny robots have developed which walk in smooth surface but the problem face in complex terrain. Some wheel based robot move in flat surface only. In this paper, we studied some bio-inspired jumping robots like Grillo, MiniWhegs, MSU jumper, EPFL. Because Jumping is used by small animals in nature, rough terrain and cluttered environment. These robots use energy store and release mechanism...

Optical phased arrays are versatile components enabling rapid and precise beam steering. An integrated approach is followed in which a 1D optical phased array is fabricated on silicon-on-insulator. The optical phased array consists of 16 parallel grating couplers spaced 2 mum apart. Steering in one direction is done thermo-optically by means of a titanium electrode on top of the structure using...

This paper describes a conceptual model for computational program steering. By exploiting previous results attained in program monitoring, debugging, and connguration, the abstractions and mechanisms derived from this model are shown suitable for both algorithmic and human interactive steering. A characterization of existing systems for computational steering using the model's abstractions demo...

In this paper, we extend our previous model circuit for steering in C. elegans to control a more realistic biomechanical model of forward locomotion. We show that the identified steering circuit is sufficient to steer the full body during forward locomotion while only innervating a few of the anterior most neck muscles. Analysis of the sensorimotor transformation and phasic stimulation experime...

Steering behaviors are a set of motion based reactive procedures used for navigating autonomous agents in their environment. Combinations of steering behaviors can be used to create complex behaviors. One problem inherent to existing approaches to arbitrating between single behaviors is that their combination may lead to suboptimal, undesired, or even catastrophic results in certain situations....

Steer-by-wire (SBW) systems, which have no mechanical linkage between the steering wheel and front wheels, are expected to improve vehicle safety through better steering capability. SBW system failures, however, can cause hazardous driving situations. This paper introduces fault-tolerant architecture based on diversified steering mechanisms consisting of SBW backed up with steering by braking a...

Multisensory integration is a prerequisite for effective locomotor control in most animals. Especially, the impressive aerial performance of insects relies on rapid and precise integration of multiple sensory modalities that provide feedback on different time scales. In flies, continuous visual signalling from the compound eyes is fused with phasic proprioceptive feedback to ensure precise neur...

We present a model for the molecular traffic of ligands, substrates, and products through the active site of cholinesterases (ChEs). First, we describe a common treatment of the diffusion to a buried active site of cationic and neutral species. We then explain the specificity of ChEs for cationic ligands and substrates by introducing two additional components to this common treatment. The first...

BACKGROUND There is limited empirical knowledge about the effect of ski geometry, particularly in the context of injury prevention in alpine ski racing. We investigated the effect of sidecut radius on biomechanical variables related to the mechanics of turning. METHODS During a field experiment, six European Cup level athletes skied on three different pairs of giant slalom (GS) skis varying i...

Determining how the motor patterns of the nervous system are converted into the mechanical and behavioral output of the body is a central goal in the study of locomotion. In the case of dipteran flight, a population of small steering muscles controls many of the subtle changes in wing kinematics that allow flies to maneuver rapidly. We filmed the wing motion of tethered Calliphora vicina at hig...