AIMS The sterilization of instruments in rural health clinics in less developed countries is an increasing problem as chemical methods can no longer be recommended and fuel wood is becoming increasingly scarce. It seems obvious, therefore, to utilize solar energy for sterilization purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS A solar oven was designed and manufactured using local materials and simple tools. ...

S tcrility of a drug product, in the strictest sense, is defined as "complete absence of microorganisms in the product." However, the test for sterility as described in the Pharmacopoeias [I], is not a test on which any strong reliance can be based tor sterility assurance of the product. Due to limitations in testing [2]. the test for sterility is not a suitable release test to verify that a pr...

Received: April 18th, 2012 Accepted for Publication: May 13th, 2012 ABSTRACT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Background: Given technological advances over the past few decades, female surgical sterilization has become a safe, convenient, easy, and highly effective birth control method for the long term. Objective: This study aims at...

This study integrated accessibility and location-allocation models in geographic information systems as a proposed strategy to improve the spatial planning of public health services. To estimate the spatial accessibility, we modified the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) model with a different impedance function, a Gaussian weight for competition among service sites, a friction coefficie...

The effects of steam sterilization and gamma-irradiation on chitosan and thermogelling chitosan-beta-glycerophosphate (GP) solutions containing polyol additives were investigated. The selected polyols were triethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, glucose and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). They were incorporated to chitosan solutions prior to sterilization in a proportion ranging from 1 to 5% (w/v)...

Many papers have been published on gas plasma sterilization. They are mostly conducted by physical researchers, so microbiology and chemical aspects are significantly insufficient. By joining the biologists and chemists, gas plasma sterilization research was outstandingly advanced. The sterilization mechanism by gas plasma was not clarified until now and from the life time and some other reason...

Sterilization of persons with developmental disabilities has often been performed without appropriate regard for their decision-making capacities, abilities to care for children, feelings, or interests. In addition, sterilization sometimes has been performed with the mistaken belief that it will prevent expressions of sexuality, diminish the chances of sexual exploitation, or reduce the likelih...

INTRODUCTION Sterilization and re-usage of tumour bone for reconstruction after tumour resection is now gaining popularity in the East. This recycle tumour bone needs to be sterilized in order to eradicate the tumour cells before re-implantation for limb salvage procedures. The effect of some of these treatments on the integrity and sterility of the bone after treatment has been published but t...