objective: asafoetida (ferula assa-foetida) is known as a valuable remedy for whooping cough, pneumonia, bronchitis in children and asthma treatment in folk medicine. in the present study the relaxant effects of the asafoetida on tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pigs and its probable mechanism(s) were examined. materials and methods: the relaxant effects of three cumulative concentrations of th...

Session title: Agriculture and Energy: new direct and indirect links can lead to unintended consequences The food commodity price boom of 2003-08 was the most notable in the last several decades. It substantially impacted global economic activity. It affected developing nations by impacting real output, the balance of payments, government budgetary positions and most importantly the well being ...

We investigate the health consequences of changes in the supply of fast food using the exact geographical location of fast food restaurants. Specifically, we ask how the supply of fast food affects the obesity rates of 3 million school children and the weight gain of over 1 million pregnant women. We find that among 9 grade children, a fast food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school i...

Motivated by recent recommendations by both European and American accounting standards boards that executive stock options be expensed in firms’ statements, we provide an analytical and flexible framework for their evaluation. Our approach takes into account the vesting period, American style, resetting and reloading provisions that are features of many options programs, and also considers the ...

We investigate whether the first digit of an odometer reading is more salient to consumers than subsequent digits. We find that retail transaction prices and volumes of used vehicles drop discontinuously at 10,000-mile odometer thresholds, echoing effects found in the wholesale market by Lacetera, Pope and Sydnor (2012). Our results reveal that retail consumers devote limited attention to evalu...