Cell behaviour and the cellular environment are stochastic. Phenotypes vary across isogenic populations and in individual cells over time. Here we will argue that to understand the abilities of cells we need to understand their stochastic nature. New experimental techniques allow gene expression to be followed in single cells over time and reveal stochastic bursts of both mRNA and protein synth...

Observed phenotype often fails to correspond with genotype. Although it is well established that uncontrolled genetic modifier effects and environmental variability can affect phenotype, stochastic variation in gene expression can also contribute to phenotypic differences. Here we examine recent work that has provided insights into how fundamental physical properties of living cells, and the pr...

A system of stochastic differential equations is studied describing a compartmental carbon transfer model that includes uncertainties arising in the model from environmental and photosynthetic effects as well as initial conditions. Justification is given for the modeling of observed times series as Weiner processes. The solution of the resulting system is obtained as a stochastic process, a for...

in order to study the effective factors in sugar beet production, evaluation of technical, allocative and economical efficiency of sugar beet producers in bardsir city, 150 sugar beet producers were questioned by classified method. data were collected through questionnaire forms filled by producers in 2004-05. the stochastic frontier production and cost function method were used to analyze the ...

-Foraging models are a growing pan of the ethnobiological study of huntergatherers . Highly simplified for analytic reasons, the early "classical" versions of these models excluded consideration of several relevant factors. Among them is the possibilit y of maladaptive food shortages due to the effects of stochastic environmental fluctuations on food capture rates . To remedy this deficiency, t...

A new methodology is given in this paper to obtain a near-optimal strategy (i.e., specification of courses of action over time), which is also robust to environmental perturbations (unexpected events and/or parameter uncertainties), to achieve the desired effects. A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)-based stochastic mission model is employed to represent the dynamic and uncertain nature of the env...