A new Bayesian allele-frequency approach to predicting the Y-chromosome haplogroup from a set of Y-STR marker values is presented and compared to other approaches. The method has been implemented in an Excel-based program, where an arbitrary number of STR markers may be input and a “goodness of fit” score for 15 haplogroups (C, E3a, E3b, G, H, I1a, I1b1, I1b2, J, L, N, O, Q, R1a, and R1b) and t...

In the present study, genotyping of six short tandem repeat (STR) loci including CSF1PO, D16S539, F13A01, F13B, LPL and HPRTB was performed on genomic DNA from 127 unrelated individuals from the Iranian province of Isfahan. The results indicated that the allele and genotype distributions were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosi...

BACKGROUND IL12A has been implicated in T-cell development and may thus influence the development of atopy and allergic diseases. METHODS We tested for association between four linkage disequilibrium (LD)-tagging SNPs (rs2243123, rs2243151, rs668998, and rs17826053) in IL12A and asthma and allergy-related (serum total and allergen-specific IgE, and skin test reactivity [STR] to two common all...

Recently, 5 novel X-chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci with high degrees of polymorphism were examined. In this study, we investigated the genetic distribution of these loci in a Chinese Han population. The 5 X-STR loci were successfully examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a total of 200 unrelated Shaanxi Han individuals (100 males and 100 females). Hardy-Weinberg equilib...

Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has been the standard in forensic DNA examinations for almost 15 years. The purpose of this article is to provide some perspective on the biological nature of STR alleles themselves, examine underlying distributions of alleles in the STR loci that are routinely used, and to discuss features of these alleles that are not observable with the currently employed m...

Energy efficiency and network lifetime are main concerns in WSN. In order to improve these factors ZigBee plays an important role. Low cost, low data rate features of ZigBee results in low power consumption and makes it useful in wireless sensor networks, increasing life of small batteries of nodes in the network. Since tree routing in ZigBee does not require any routing tables to send the pack...

OBJECTIVE Establish a typing system for Mycobacterium leprae based on polymorphic DNA structures known as short tandem repeats (STR). DESIGN Assess 16 polymorphic STR for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility in standard assays using reference strains of M. leprae. RESULTS Primers for 16 STR loci were selected based on PCR product size and for their ability to sequence each STR locus...

Subarea Tree Routing (STR), a new routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, is proposed. The novelty of the STR protocol is to divide the whole network into many subareas constructed as a result of establishing subarea trees. Its main idea is to identify root nodes by manual configuration or auto-discovery process firstly, then the root nodes originate the process of establishing...

The organization of ribosomal protein genes and the gene (fus) for a protein chain elongation factor, EF G, in Escherichia coli were studied with a merodiploid strain that has an episome with genetic markers, ery(r), spc(r), str(r), and fus(r), and a chromosome with markers ery(s), spc(s), str(s), and fus(s). The ery locus determines a 50S ribosomal protein and the spc and str loci determine 30...

Spike time reliability (STR) refers to the phenomenon in which repetitive applications of a frozen copy of one stochastic signal to a neuron trigger spikes with reliable timing while a constant signal fails to do so. Observed and explored in numerous experimental and theoretical studies, STR is a complex dynamic phenomenon depending on the nature of external inputs as well as intrinsic properti...