New Zealand Journal of Ecology (1997) 21(2): 129-140 ©New Zealand Ecological Society these conceptual extremes should be seen as being endpoints of a range of possible situations, and not as discrete alternatives. It is therefore unlikely that an observed field situation would be completely described by any one of the models alone. More recently developed models use the conceptual extremes as c...

In this article, the time-dependent stress redistribution analysis of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) thick-walled sphere subjected to mechanical, electrical, magnetic and uniform temperature gradient as well as moisture concentration gradient is presented. Combining constitutive equations of MEE with stress-strain relations as well as strain-displacement relations results in obtaining a differen...

It is well known that glassy polymer nanocomposites (PNC) exhibit heterogeneous mechanical properties, with a distinct polymer/nanoparticle (NP) interfacial region. The interphase rigidity in particular can significantly influence the overall response of PNCs. Continuum theories typically describe behavior such to depend only on deformation and, thus, they discard strong internal gradients with...

Tentorial herniation is caused by a pressure gradient between supra and infratentorial compartments and the herniated brain is burdened with a force, which is called shear strain at the edge of the tentorium. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the relationships between increased intracranial pressure, the pressure gradient and the tentorial shear strain. Twenty-three monkeys were us...

We discover a new family of programming languages that align source code with abstract syntax trees. With further discoveries from the community, these new languages may lead to order-of-magnitude gains in developer productivity. We make some predictions and introduce a new conjecture on data structures. We end with a joke. Fig. 1. This diagram is the output of an ETN program.

Strain gradient plasticity theories that have emerged during recent years to provide an explanation for size dependent behavior exhibited by some materials have also created a need for additional material parameters. In this study on Pb/Sn solder alloys’ material length scale, which is needed for use in strain gradient plasticity type constitutive models, is determined. The value of length scal...

We prove the existence of a quasistatic evolution for a model in strain gradient plasticity proposed by Gurtin and Anand concerning isotropic, plastically irrotational materials under small deformations. This is done by means of the energetic approach to rate-independent evolution problems. Finally we study the asymptotic behavior of the evolution as the strain gradient length scales tend to ze...